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Comment On “ Eay Concerning Human Understanding”Author Introduction
John Rock(1632.8.29 ~ 1704.10.28), British philosopher, founder of empiricism, and is the first comprehensive exposition of constitutional democracy thought, in philosophy and political areas have important influence.Representative works are:“ The Tolerance of Pagan Communication”“ Two Treatises of Government”“ Eay Concerning Human Understanding”“ Eay Concerning Human Understanding”.Overview of Writings
“ Eay Concerning Human Understanding ” is a representative philosophical writings written by the British philosopher John Rock.This book was written up from 1671 ,not completed until 1687, published in 1690.“ Eay Concerning Human Understanding ” the writings in the history of western philosophy plays an important role in this book, Rock proposed and solves the central question is about the origins of human knowledge, reliability and range.Copyright of Writings
From the philosophical inheritance on look, Rock is Francis.Bacon and Thomas.Hobbes routes, namely knowledge originates from feeling, experience and not from what--“ talent”.Can say, Rock is the further development of the feeling of a typical British empiricist.Before Rock, the French philosopher Descartes proposed the so-called“ innate ideas”, i.e., the most basic human knowledge or concept is by feeling, experience, but the innate or natural things.While Rock in Philosophy(epistemology)is the starting point to refute the“ innate ideas” at the same time, give tit for tat proposed the name of Rock with the inseparable--tabula rasa.Whiteboard mean, humans do not have the feeling, experience before(for example, a newborn baby)state of mind is a blank sheet of paper, which does not have any writing, i.e.without any idea.Rock said that all human knowledge is based on experience, but in the final analysis is from the experience.Rock put forward the knowledge on the tabula rasa is directed to“ innate ideas” theory and the.The Rock cognitive demonstrates human knowledge derives from experience, and experience is the objective world role in sensory results.As Marx and Engels said,“ Hobbes took Bacon's theory system, but he is not more detailed argumentation
of Bacon on the concept and knowledge originated from the basic principles ofperceptual world”, then,“ Rock in his theory of the origins of human knowledge in the writings of Bacon and Hobbes, proves the principle”(Marx, Engels:“ the Holy Family”).In“ Eay Concerning Human Understanding ” in one book, Rock explores the knowledge and concept originated in the sensory experience of this basic principle of empiricism, he put the experience into two categories, namely the external experience and internal experience.Rock said the external experience refers to the objective things in the world to human sense organs as the effect of this experience, he called feeling, and his inner experience, “the Hearts of Activities”, he put this experience is called reflection.As he put the experience into two categories, Rock put the objective world, the eence of things is also divided into two categories, namely the first character and the second character.The first property refers to the objective things the wide ductility, shape, impenetrability, motion, static, volume and so on, he thinks this kind of nature is not to human perception for the transfer and the objective existence, is any changes in things are kept;and the second is the nature of things, the color sound, smell, taste and character, Rock felt that the second properties is subjective, i.e.not the thing itself inherent place, it is the subject of cognition through the senses are attached to the objective world things like, say, inevitably, if there is no eyes to see, so coal was not black, if there is no ears listen to the thunder, so there is no sound.Later the British philosopher Rock Berkeley is the use of second nature of the claim, stating that the first character is subjective rather than objective things inherent.Status of Writings
“ Eay Concerning Human Understanding ” first criticized the French philosopher Rene Descartes that knowledge on the origin of the so-called“ innate ideas” and the German philosopher Leibniz's so-called“ talent practice principle”, and put forward his famous whiteboard theory, namely the understanding is the sole source of experience.In this book Rock of philosophical views both for the French Encyclopedists enlightenment thinkers opens the way for later, Berkeley and Hume's experience on further pointed out the direction
