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Predeterminism
Predeterminism is the idea that all events are determined in advance.Predeterminism is the philosophy that all events of history, past, present and future, have been decided or are known(by God, fate, or some other force), including human actions.Predeterminism is closely related to determinism.The concept of predeterminism is often argued by invoking causal determinism, implying that there is an unbroken chain of prior occurrences stretching back to the origin of the universe.In the case of predeterminism, this chain of events has been pre-established, and human actions cannot interfere with the outcomes of this pre-established chain.Predeterminism can be used to mean such pre-established causal determinism, in which case it is categorised as a specific type of determinism.It can also be used interchangeably with causal determinism-in the context of its capacity to determine future events.Despite this, predeterminism is often considered as independent of causal determinism.The term predeterminism is also frequently used in the context of biology and hereditary, in which
case it represents a form of biological determinism.Fatalism
Fatalism is a philosophical doctrine emphasizing the subjugation of all events or actions to fate.阿
Fatalism generally refers to any of the following ideas:
The view that we are powerle to do anything other than what we actually do.Included in this is that man has no power to influence the future, or indeed, his own actions.This belief is very similar to predeterminism. An attitude of resignation in the face of some future event or events which are thought to be inevitable.Friedrich Nietzsche named this idea with “Turkish fatalism” in his book The Wanderer and His Shadow. That actions are free, but neverthele work toward an inevitable end.This belief is very similar to compatibilist predestination. That acceptance is appropriate, rather than resistance against inevitability.This belief is very similar to defeatism.
