Philosophy of Dialectics in Chemistry化学中的逻辑辩证法由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“希腊哲学的本元指什么”。
Ladies and gentlemen, do you remember the first book you have read? Well I do.The first book I have read is the analects of Confucius.Although I could not understand every sentence when I was five, I read the book twice.After that, I changed my dream from a swimmer to a philosopher(well both of them are far away from what I am now).But philosophy does interest me a lot.So today, as a student of chemical engineering, I’d like to talk about the Philosophy of Dialectics in Chemistry.My presentation can be divided into four parts: the Relationship between chemistry and philosophy;the three laws of dialectics;applications of the laws;and the conclusion.Some of you may ask: is there any relationship between chemistry and philosophy? The answer is YES!Chemistry is an important branch of natural science;is the study of the composition, properties and behavior of matter.Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems.It reveals the laws of nature;it generalizes and theorizes the natural science.They help each other develop.Today, the philosophy of chemistry is a subject;some researchers call it “chemilosophy”.This is the famous philosopher George Hegel.He proposed the three laws of dialectics in his famous book “Logic”.These three laws are Unity of opposites;Quantitative and qualitative changes;and Negation of negation.Now let’s find out how these laws apply in chemistry.Firstly, unity of opposites, as the central law of dialectics, it can be summarized that the existence of a thing depends on the co-existence of at least two conditions which are opposite to each other.For instance, Graphite and diamond.If you can take one of them, which one do you choose, madam? Diamond? Good choice for ladies.But in fact, both of them are elementary substances made up by carbon, only carbon.Why are they so different from each other? Have a look at their structures.In the covalent crystal structure of Diamond, every carbon atom is surrounded by four carbon atoms;they together form a regular tetrahedron, which is very stable.While the graphite, with van der waal’s force between layer and layer, is not so stable that when we trace a pencil on a piece of paper, the layers can be cleaved.And it is because of the structural difference, diamond and graphite have opposite properties.Diamond is hard, non-conducting, while graphite is soft and conductive.And as a result, diamond is very expensive while graphite is cheap.Secondly, the quantitative and qualitative changes.A quantitative change is the increase or decrease in quantity, while qualitative change is the fundamental change of matter.Take the acid-base titration as an example.A certain volume of acid is in the flask and a certain volume of base is in the burette.When the titration begins, base falls into the flask drop by drop, and the PH value in the flask increases little by little as a quantitative change.However, at the equivalence point, the PH value increases sharply and the indicator changes color as a qualitative change.This titration example explains that the accumulation of quantitative changes can lead to a qualitative change.Thirdly, the negation of negation, this law states the development trajectory of a thing is spiral rather than linear.That means the way of seeking truth is not roses all the time, but full of thorns;the way of science is all about getting wrong and getting corrected, just like the development of alchemy.In the ancient China, people believed that the world was composed of five elements: gold, wood, water, fire and earth.Similarly, Aristotle proposed the Four Elements Theory.Both of the two thoughts made people obseed about alchemy, about transmuting base metals(such as iron and lead)into gold.Then it was a long history’s stagnation of scientific development.Until Robert Boyle, who carried out thousands of experiments, came up with concept of chemical “element”, as the indecomposable constituents of material.On this basis, people more and more realized it was impoible to transmute one element into another.This is the negation of alchemy.But is alchemy completely impoible? Centuries later, scientists expose mercury to a high energy radiation of gamma-ray, and get gold by this two-step nuclear reaction.This can be determined as the negation of negation.In conclusion, philosophy of dialectics has a wide range of applications in chemistry.Calculation and experiment are neceary, but philosophy makes us consider chemistry from a different perspective, and philosophy contributes to a better understanding of chemistry.That’s what I want to say.Thank you!
