Smart design is the key to saving lives由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“Design”。
Aignment:
Read the article and finish the following tasks:
1.2.Based on the information provided in the article, share with us some effective ways to improve the safety of road.Improving the safety of our road network
Turning left under a bridge in Beijing, Hu Xingxin, 24, suddenly screeched to a stop in front of a yellow light at a busy croroad.“According to the new regulations规则, running a yellow light is equal to running a red one,‟ said the Beijing-based IT technician.“Since the new rules came into effect I‟m always ready to hit the brakes to avoid a penalty.‟
Authorities have since changed the rules and running a yellow light no longer results in a 6-point deduction.New regulations are the latest measure to improve road safety, which has become a problem in China.Experts say that to achieve better road safety, various and comprehensive methods are needed.Updating the rules is only part of the story.“Traffic accidents have become a serious problem for public safety‟, said Wang Yong, a public health emergency consultant from the Ministry of Health.More than 68,000 road accidents, resulting in 794 deaths, more than 100 a day, occurred in China during the last National Day holiday, according to the Ministry of Public Security.The ministry also revealed that in 2011, 62,000 people died from road accidents.„Traffic accidents are becoming a development crisis,‟ World Health Organization director general Margaret Chan told the Guardian last month.According to the WHO, accidents事故 kill more people around the world than malaria and are the leading cause of death for young people aged 5 to 29 –especially in developing countries.The economic consequences are also significant: According to a study by the World Bank and Harvard University, accidents on average cost a country 1 to 3 percent of its annual Gro National Product.The WHO reported that road accidents cost the world more than $500 billion a year.The newly revised regulations impose much heavier penalties on drivers who violate 规则.Under the new regulations, 52 different violations result in penalties, up from 38 under the previous system.Eleven kinds of violations now result in the deduction of 12 points, compared to six points under the previous regulation.These violations include drunken driving and using fake license plates.“The heavier penalties will force drivers to follow regulations,” said Chen Yanyan, a profeor at Beijing University of Technology‟s Transport Research Center.But she added thatAccording to Chen, other components of road safety include technology and urban design.This package will explore some of these factors.Smart design is the key to saving lives
Building roads is surely one of the greatest infrastructure projects in human history.According to the World Bank, more than 33 million kilometers of road cover the surface of the Earth, enough to wrap the equator 883 times.With roads covering such vast distances, a reliable design and1
innovation are vital to keeping road users safe.Last November, Boris Johnson, the mayor of London, UK, hosted an urban design competition in City Hall in partnership with the Landscape Institute, a profeional body for landscape architects.It included entries with suggestions on how to improve road safety, such as building bridges and creating separate cycle highways along railway lines, reported the Guardian.It might sound ambitious, but in a recent report by the World Bank on global road safety, “road crashes can be prevented by better planning and more safety conscious design of the road network‟.‟s roads are pedestrians and cyclists, while the number is only one-tenth in the US.The US Federal highway Administration attributes this difference to innovative urban design in the US that proved effective in lowering fatality rates, especially for pedestrians and cyclists who are usually moreAccording to the Seattle Times, even small changes in road makings can make a big difference.Marking an area for cyclists in front of automobiles at a croroad can “significantly lower the chances of cyclists and motorists being hit at the intersection”.In Sacramento, US, rather than placing stop lines for cars right in front of pedestrian croings, they are located about 10 meters away from the croing so that pedestrians and drivers can better see each other and avoid accidents.Technological advances in various countries are also intended to keep road users safe from a multitude of dangers.Bright road to a sager future
In the future, roads will be a little different from now.Let‟s check it out.Dynamic paint---Netherlands
Symbols appearing on the road surface indicate whether the temperature is hot or cold enough to affect driving conditions, so that drivers are more cautious on road.Glowing road markings---Netherlands
By using glow-in-the-dark paint, road markings can be clearly seen in the dart without the need of lights, meaning drivers are le likely to make sudden turns.Anti-icing roads –US
Road surfaces containing reactive deicer, such as Safe Lane, prevent ice from forming on roads.提高我国公路网的安全
左转弯的北京，在一座桥下胡兴鑫，24，突然停在一个繁忙的十字路口黄灯前停止。
按照新的交通法规，运行一个黄灯等于运行一个红色的，”说北京的IT人员。“因为新规则生效我随时准备踩刹车以避免惩罚。”
当局已经改变了规则，在6点扣除运行一个黄灯不再结果。
新的交通法规，改善道路安全的最新举措，这已成为中国的一个问题。专家说，实现道路安全性更好，不同的和全面的方法是必要的。更新的规则仅仅是故事的一部分。
“交通事故已成为公共安全的一个严重的问题，王勇说，从卫生部突发公共卫生事件的顾问。
68000以上的道路交通事故，造成794人死亡，超过100天，发生在中国去年国庆节放假期间，根据公安部。该部还透露，在2011，62000人死于交通事故。
交通事故已成为发展的危机，世界卫生组织总干事玛格丽特Chan上月告诉卫报。
根据交通事故的人，事故杀死世界各地更多的人比疟疾是年龄在5岁至29–尤其是发展中国家的年轻人的主要死亡原因。
每年有多达1300000人丧生，50000000多人受伤的交通事故在世界各地。
经济后果也是巨大的：根据世界银行和哈佛大学的一项研究中，交通事故的平均成本国家1到百分之3的年国民生产总值。谁说世界道路交通事故成本超过500000000000美元的一年。
新修订的法规对违反交通规则的司机施加更重的处罚规则。根据新规定，52种不同的违法行为导致的处罚，从38以前的制度下。
十一种违法行为导致的扣12分，比六点以前的监管下。这些行为包括酒后驾驶和使用假车牌。
“较重的处罚将迫使司机遵守交通规则，说：”陈燕燕，北京工业大学交通研究中心教授。但她补充说，交通规则是许多关于在中国道路安全问题的一个方面。
据陈，道路安全的其他组件包括技术和城市设计。
这个软件包将探索这些因素。
智能设计是拯救生命的关键
道路建设无疑是人类历史上最伟大的基础设施项目。根据世界银行的统计，超过33000000公里的道路覆盖地球表面的，足以绕赤道883次。道路覆盖如此巨大的距离，一个可靠的设计和创新是保持道路使用者的安全至关重要。
去年十一月，鲍里斯约翰逊，伦敦，英国的市长，主持与景观研究所合作市城市设计竞赛，景观设计师的专业机构。它包括关于如何提高道路安全的建议项目，如建设桥梁和创建单独的循环公路铁路沿线，报道卫报。
这听起来雄心勃勃，但在最近的一份报告由世界银行对全球道路安全，“道路交通事故可以通过更好的规划和更安全意识的设计的道路网络的抑制。
据中国国际广播电台，在交通事故死亡人数的四分之三的是中国的道路上行人和骑自行车的人，虽然人数只有十分之一在美国。美国联邦公路管理局属性这一差异创新的城市设计在我们证明有效降低病死率，尤其是行人和骑自行车的人通常更容易在交通事故。
据西雅图时报报道，在路料甚至小的变化可以有很大的不同。标记在前面的汽车在一个十字路口，骑自行车的面积可以显着降低的机会的自行车和汽车被击中，在十字路口”。
在萨克拉门托，美国，而不是将汽车在人行横道前右停车线，它们位于约10米远的路口，行人和驾驶员可以更好地看到对方，避免事故的发生。
在不同的国家的技术进步也打算让ROA
