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Unit 2 Mixed feelings
Active Reading 1 How empathy unfolds
I.Warming-up exercises 1.Look at the following pictures and describe the emotion shown in each picture.2.Discu the question: Do you sometimes try to hide your emotions? Why or why not? 3.Skim the text, and find out the definition of empathy and sympathy in the paage.Empathy originates from a sort of physical imitation of the distre of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself.(Para.3)
Sympathy is felt for the general plight of another with no sharing of what that other person is feeling.4.Now decide whether the feelings or actions described below are a result of Sympathy(S)or Empathy(E).sending a card to someone who is in hospital feeling happy because your friend has won a scholarship to a prestigious university trying to comfort someone who has had bad news reacting physically when you see that someone is in pain collecting money to help the victims of a natural disaster crying at the end of a film Summary: Sympathy= I can understand your pain.Empathy= I feel your pain.II.Text Organization Cf.ppt.III.Comprehending the text 1.What did Hope do when she saw another baby fall?
Tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother.2.Why did Michael give his teddy bear to Paul?
He did it to comfort Paul.3.Who observed and recorded these actions?
The babies‟ mothers observed and recorded these actions.4.When do psychologists believe that humans begin to experience empathy?
They believe that humans begin to experience empathy virtually from the day they are born.5.Which example shows that babies sometimes don‟t realize they aren‟t the ones who are suffering?
The example of babies who imitate the distre of someone else.6.When was the word empathy first used in English to describe such reactions?
The word empathy was first used in English in the 1920s by E.B.Titchener.7.Why was the word sympathy not appropriate?
It is not appropriate because sympathy is felt for the general plight of another with no sharing of what that other person is feeling;empathy means actually sharing or imagining another person‟s feelings.8.At what age do children start to distinguish other people‟s feelings from their own?
Around two and a half, children start to distinguish other people‟s feelings from their own.9.How can parents increase feelings of empathy in their children?
They can increase feelings of empathy in children by calling strong attention to the distre their misbehavior caused someone else.Ⅳ Words & Expreions empathy n.[U] the ability to understand how someone feels because you can imagine what it is like to be them 同感；同情；移情
empathy with/for sb./sth.empathy between A and B e.g.There is a strange empathy between the old lady and her grandson.老妇人和她孙子间有种莫名其妙的心灵相通的感觉。
empathic a.(also empathetic)able to understand how someone feels because you can imagine what it is like to be them 移情的；有同感的；产生共鸣的 e.g.He was very empathic about what the people were suffering there.他非常同情那里的人们所受的苦。
well up
1)(of a liquid)rise up to the surface and spill or be about to spill（液体）流出，涌出 e.g.I felt tears well up in my eyes.我感到泪水夺眶而出。
2)(of an emotion)arise and become more intense（情绪）变得强烈 e.g.Anger welled up within him.他怒火中烧。
crawl vi.1)move along on your hands and knees with your body close to the ground 爬，爬行；匍匐行进 e.g.A baby crawls(around)before it can walk.婴儿先会（到处）爬, 然后才会走。
2)(of traffic, vehicles, etc.)move very slowly（指来往行人﹑车辆等）缓慢地行进, 徐缓而行 e.g.The traffic crawled over the bridge in the rush-hour.在高峰时刻桥上的车辆行驶缓慢。
retrieve vt.(fml)find something and bring it back（正式）重新找回；收回，取回 e.g.She bent down to retrieve her earring.她俯下身去捡回她的耳环。
retrieve sth.from e.g.The wreckage of the crashed plane was retrieved from the ocean.失事飞机的残骸已经从海里打捞出来
trace vt.1)discover the origin of something or how it developed 追究；追溯（来源）e.g.The style of these paintings can be traced back to early medieval influences.这些绘画的风格可以追溯到中世纪早期的影响。
2)find someone or something that you are looking for by asking questions and getting information 追查；追踪
e.g.She had given up all hope of tracing her miing daughter.她已经放弃了寻找失踪女儿的所有希望。
infant
n.[C]
(fml)a baby or very young child 婴儿，幼儿 e.g.a nursery for infants under two 两岁以下婴儿的托儿所
Word family: infancy n.the period of a child‟s life before they can walk or talk 婴儿期，幼儿期 e.g.In the past, many children died in infancy.过去很多孩子夭折于襁褓。
virtually
ad.almost 差不多，实质上,实际上 e.g.Virtually all the children come to school by bus.差不多所有的孩子都是乘巴士来上学的。Synonym: practically
precursor
n.[C](fml)sth.that happened before sth.else and influenced its development [正式]先兆，前兆
precursor of / to e.g.1.Overweight and shortne of breath were the precursors of a heart attack.身体超重和呼吸急促都是心脏病发作的前兆。
2.Were these small movements the precursor to major earthquake?
这些小的活动是否是一次大地震的先兆呢？
sympathetic a.1)caring and feeling sorry about someone‟s problems 同情的；有同情心的；表示同情的e.g.We hope always to provide a friendly sympathetic ear.2)willing to give approval and support to an aim or plan（对某目的或计划）赞成的，支持的 e.g.We asked for her support in the election, but she wasn't sympathetic(to our request).我们请求她在选举中给予支持, 但她（对我们的请求）无动于衷。
distre n.[U]
a feeling of extreme unhappine 苦恼，悲伤，忧虑
Fill in the gap with the appropriate word from the box.Change the form if neceary.He feared to touch on _______________ memories.It _____________ him to think that he has no hope of
changing things.He arrived on Dick‟s doorstep in obvious __________.Hey, what's up? What are you looking so __________ for?
disturbance n.[C, U] 造成干扰的事物；干扰
disturbance to e.g.When a helicopter lands, it can cause a disturbance to local residents.直升机降落时会打扰当地居民。Word family: disturb v.misery n.[U,C] great suffering that is caused for example by being very poor or very sick 苦恼，痛苦；苦难
e.g.What we are witneing here is human misery on a vast scale.Translate the following sentences: 1.Competitive mothers can make their daughters' lives a misery.2.Go on, put them out of their misery and announce the winner.imitate vt.copy the way someone behaves, speaks, moves etc., especially in order to make people laugh 模仿（某人的动作、言语或行为）
e.g.She was a splendid mimic and loved to imitate Winston Churchill.她是个出色的模仿者，喜欢模仿温斯顿·丘吉尔。Word family:
imitation n.Synonym: mimic
comprehend v.[not in progreive 不用进行式] understand something that is complicated or difficult 理解，领会
e.g.1.She cannot comprehend the extent of the disaster.她无法理解这场灾难的程度。
2.He couldn't comprehend her reasons for marrying the old man.他不明白她为什么要嫁给那个老头。
Word family: comprehension
n.comprehensive a.mimicry n.[U]the action or skill of being able to copy the voice, movements, etc.of others 模仿;模仿能力
e.g.Parrots specialize in vocal mimicry.鹦鹉擅长对语言的模仿。Word family:
mimic
v.evoke vt.produce a strong feeling or memory in someone 使人想起；唤起（感情、想法或记忆）
e.g.1.The photographs evoked strong memories of our holidays in France.那些照片勾起了我们对在法国度假的深刻回忆。
2.His appearance is bound to evoke sympathy.他的外表会引起人们的同情。
distinct a.clearly different 有区别的；不同的 e.g.1.two entirely distinct languages 2.Astronomy, as distinct from astrology, is an exact science.天文学是一门严谨的科学, 与占星术完全不同。
plight n.[C]
a very bad situation that someone is in 困境，苦境 e.g.1.the country's economic plight 该国的经济困境
2.We must direct our efforts towards relieving the plight of children living in poverty.我们必须致力于减轻生活在贫困中的儿童的苦难。
repertoire n.[C]
the total number of things that someone or something is able to do 全部技能（或才能）
e.g.1.the behavioral repertoire of infants
婴幼儿的行为能力
2.An actor has to build a character and extend his own emotional repertoire.演员必须会塑造人物并拓展自己的情感表达技巧。
stroke vt.gently move your hand over skin, hair, or fur（用手）轻抚, 抚摸 e.g.1.The girl stroked the cat.女孩抚摸着小猫。
2.He put his hand on her hair and stroked it.他把手放在她头发上轻轻地抚摩。
pat vt.touch someone gently several times with a flat hand to show that you care about them or want to make them feel better 平拍，轻拍（以示关心或抚慰）e.g.He patted the dog affectionately.他亲热地拍着狗。
diverge vi.differ, as in opinion or manner 相异，出现分歧
e.g.I‟m afraid our opinions diverge from each other on the direction of investment.恐怕我们在投资方向上的见解不同。
discipline vt.teach someone to obey rules and control their behaviour 训练；训导 e.g.1.Different cultures have different ways of disciplining their children.不同的文化有不同的管教儿童的方法。
2.She must have been well disciplined for her orderline.她有条不紊，一定受过良好的训练。
misbehavior
n.[U](AmE)
bad behaviour that is not acceptable to other people 不正当的举止；粗鲁行为
e.g.Even the most minor forms of misbehaviour were punished.即使是最轻微的不良行为也受到了惩罚。Synonym: misconduct
apart from 1)except for 除„„以外
e.g.We didn‟t see anyone all day, apart from a couple of kids on the beach.除了海滩上的几个小孩，我们一整天都没见到什么人。2)besides 除„„以外（还）
e.g.Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on such heavy time-consuming housework as carrying water and firewood.(CET-4-2003-1)
除了照顾孩子们之外，她还要干很多费时费力的工作，例如挑水和背柴。
stem from: develop as a result of something else 源于；是„„缘故 e.g.1.His headaches stemmed from vision problems.他的头痛是由视力问题引起的。
2.discontent stemming from low pay and poor working conditions
因工资低﹑工作条件差而产生的不满情绪
pull away 1)move your body or part of your body away from someone or something 闪避；躲开
e.g.She pulled away from him.她挣脱了他。
2)start to drive away from a place where you had stopped（车辆或司机）开走 e.g.He waved as he pulled away.他开车走的时候挥了挥手。
pull sth.away/free e.g.She tried to pull her hand free, but it was held fast.她想抽出手来，但是被牢牢地抓住了。
calm down: become quiet and relaxed after you have been angry, excited, nervous, or upset（使）平静下来；（使）镇定下来
e.g.1.Calm down and tell me what happened.冷静点，告诉我发生了什么事。2.She lit a cigarette to calm herself down.她点了支烟使自己平静下来。
tune out:(infml)ignore or stop listening to someone or something 不理睬，置之不理 e.g.1.A bored child may simply tune out.孩子觉得烦了可能就会走神。
2.I learned to tune out the background noise.我学会了对背景杂音充耳不闻。
V.Language Points The moment … : as soon as
Similar expreions：the minute, the instant, the day 其它类似的表达:
no sooner...than...hardly...when...scarcely...when/before...on+动名词
e.g.On seeing his mother cry, one baby wiped his own
eyes, though they had no tears....Michael retrieved Paul’s security blanket for him.
A security blanket is a blanket which a baby or small child uses for comfort;some children feel more secure when they hold such a special blanket, because the blanket is familiar and has a comforting feel or smell.……迈克尔替保罗捡回他的安乐毯。
Motor mimicry fades from toddlers’ repertoire …
Young children imitate the actions of those in pain or distre, apparently as a way to feel and understand it.This imitation(mimicry)of others‟ actions gradually becomes le.小孩渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为……
At this point in their development toddlers begin to diverge from one another in their overall sensitivity to other people’s emotional upsets, with some, like Jenny, keenly aware and others
tuning out. At around the age of two and a half some children become aware of other people‟s emotions of sadne, worry or anger, while others stop paying attention to similar emotions: In this way the children start to develop in separate directions regarding how they are sensitive to others‟ emotions.在这个年龄，幼儿对于他人感情波动的总体敏感度开始有所不同，有些像珍妮一样，感同身受，有些则不予理睬。
VI EQ test 1.When I am emotionally hurt I can disguise it well from others.A: Agree
B: Disagree 2.I might never get over things, which upset me.B: Agree
A: Disagree 3.I usually know how someone is feeling before they tell me.A: Agree
B: Disagree 4.Things which worry me cannot be dismied easily from my mind.B: Agree
A: Disagree 5.Most people are doing their best in difficult circumstances.A: Agree
B: Disagree 6.I am more moved by things I see on TV than people I meet.B: Agree
A: Disagree 7.For things to improve I need to change more than others do.B: Agree
A: Disagree 8.I don‟t know what people really think of me.A: Agree
B: Disagree 9.Given enough time, I could cheer almost anyone up.B: Agree
A: Disagree 10.I hate haggling, even if it would make something cheaper.A: Agree
B: Disagree
Active Reading 2 This is Sandy
ⅠWarming-up exercises
Watch the video clip, discu the following questions.1.What's your first impreion of Liu Wei? What can we learn from him? 2.Have you ever had the experience with disabled people? What should an ordinary person do while being with them?
ⅡText organization Central idea:I love being deaf.Reason 1: funny reactions of new people of my friends Reason 2: fashion statements Reason 3: special among friends
Reason 4: important events
III Words & Phrases honorable a.1)morally good and deserving respect高尚的；值得尊敬的 e.g.1.My father didn‟t think acting was an honorable profeion.我父亲认为当演员不是受人尊敬的职业。
2.He is a principled and honorable man.他是一个讲原则、品德高尚的人。Word family:
honor n.& v.benevolence n.[U] being kind and generous 乐善好施；仁慈 e.g.a smile of benevolence 慈祥的笑容 benevolent a.split-second
a.very rapid or accurate 一刹那
e.g.I made a split-second decision.我在一刹那之间做出了决定。
tuck vt.1)put sth.in a particular place to keep it safe or hidden 把„„塞进；把„„夹入；（尤指）把„„藏入
e.g.1.Jack tucked his shirt in.杰克把衬衫掖进裤腰里。
2.Why don‟t you tuck your trousers into your socks? 你为什么不把裤脚塞到袜子里？
beam vi.1)smile very happily 眉开眼笑，面露喜色
e.g.Connie beamed with pleasure.康妮开心地笑着。2)send out a line of light, heat, energy etc.发（光）；发（热）；发射 e.g.The sun beamed through the clouds.阳光穿透了云层。
acceory n.[C](usu pl)1)附件；配件
e.g.bathroom acceories such as mirrors and towel-rails 镜子和毛巾架等浴室配件 2)sth.such as a bag, belt, or jewelry that you wear or carry because it is attractive 配饰 e.g.fashion acceories 时尚饰品
catalog
n.[C]
(AmE)
a complete list of things that you can look at, buy, or use, for example in a library or at an art show 商品目录；购物指南 e.g.1.I need a mail order catalog.我需要一份邮购商品目录。
2.You can have a look at the online catalog first.你可以先看一下网上购物指南。catalogue(BrE)
hue n.[C](literary)a colour or type of colour 颜色；色彩 e.g.The diamond shone with every hue under the sun.钻石在阳光下发出五颜六色的光芒。
of every hue/of all hues: of many kinds 各种各样的 e.g.political opinions of every hue 形形色色的政治见解
exquisitely ad.extremely beautiful and very delicately made 精美地，精致地 e.g.the most exquisitely made furniture 最精美制作的家具
gush
vi.1)If someone gushes, they expre their admiration or pleasure in an exaggerated way.装腔作势地说；夸大其词地称赞
e.g.“I simply loved your book,” she gushed.“我就是喜欢你的书。”她吹捧道。2)(a liquid)flows or pours out quickly and in large quantities（液体）喷，涌
e.g.Water gushed from the broken pipe.水从破裂的管子中喷涌而出。
impair vt.(fml)damage sth.or make it not as good as it should be 削弱，损害，损伤 e.g.1.The illne had impaired his ability to think and concentrate.这种疾病损害了他的思维能力和注意力。
2.Smoking impairs our health.吸烟会损害我们的健康。
drama n.[C, U] an exciting event or set of events, or the quality of being exciting 戏剧性场面；（一连串）戏剧性事件；戏剧性
e.g.Maggie‟s life is always full of drama.玛吉的生活总是充满了戏剧性事件。Word family:
dramatic a.knot vt.& n.1)vt.(knotted, knotting)tie together two ends or pieces of string, rope, cloth etc.在（绳、线或布）上打结
e.g.Loop that end of the rope through this and knot it.2)n.（线、绳、布等打成的）结 e.g.Chinese knot
up vt.(infml)increase the amount or level of something 增加；提高 e.g.1.They've upped their offer by 5%.他们把报价提高了5%。2.We won‟t be able to make a profit without upping the sale price.如不提高销售价，我们就挣不到钱。
unthinkable
a.impoible to accept or imagine 难以想象的；不可思议的 e.g.1.It is unthinkable that a mistake like this could have happened.竟然发生了这样的错误，真是难以置信。
2.It was the job of the committee to think the unthinkable.(=plan for unexpected events or situations)委员会的工作就是要想到意想不到的情况。
sober a.1)not drunk 未喝醉的，清醒的e.g.He‟s a nice guy when he‟s sober.他没喝醉时是个不错的家伙。
2)serious and thinking carefully 认真的，严肃的e.g.a sober, hard-working young man 一个态度认真、工作努力的青年 3)plain and not at all brightly coloured 素淡的，朴素的 e.g.a sober grey suit
let on:(infml)
tell someone something, especially something secret 泄露，透露（秘密）e.g.I„m getting married next week, but please don‟t let on(to anyone)(about it), will you? ever so/ever such: used before an adjective or adverb to mean “very”
很，非常 e.g.1.The aistant was ever so helpful.这个助手帮了大忙。2.They‟re ever such nice people.他们真是好人啊。
nothing but: only 仅仅；只有；不过
e.g.1.His speech was nothing but milk and water.2.This article is nothing but advertising for housing developers.(CET-4, 2005-6)对于房地产开发商来说，这篇文章只不过是广告而已。
stand out
1)be easy to notice for being different 引人注目；显眼
e.g.The black lettering really stands out on that orange background.2)be much more impreive than others 出色 e.g.He stood out in a group interview.in search of: looking for something 寻找
e.g.1.Migrant workers move from city to city in search of work.2.This is the very book of which I was in search.这本书正是我梦寐以求的。
pick up: learn something casually（无意间）学会（新技能）
e.g.I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there last year.IV Language Points as if I were evidence of their benevolence.Sandy‟s friends seem “proud and honourable” because they are with a disabled person and their way of introducing her shows they are willing to be kind and generous(benevolent).The disability, however, does not have to be part of the introduction and may not need to be mentioned at all.So this comment not only shares the deaf person‟s experience but is a criticism of how some people(even her friends)treat Sandy in a stereotyped way as “deaf”.If they do the ritual well enough...Again, this is really a critical comment.If they treat a deaf person as a normal person, they wouldn‟t be shocked or need a “recovery smile”, just a normal friendly smile....while my regular friends beam on.Beam is to smile widely to show a happy feeling.In this story, again the word indicates Sandy‟s
friends know that others will say something to please Sandy and as if they have done something good to please her as well....fashion statements in various shapes and hues.A fashion statement is something that you wear or own that is new, unusual or made by a famous designer and is meant to draw attention to you....a fixed circle of people,...circle: a group of people who know each other and meet regularly, or who have similar interests or jobs „„圈子，„„界 e.g.1.a circle of friends
2.He‟s well-known in fashionable circles.他在时装界是个知名人物。
...participate in the drama.Her friends treated Sandy‟s deafne as a drama, ie they made her deafne as being more serious or exciting than it really was(they “made a drama out of it”)and wanted their own role in the drama as benevolent helpers....as Drew the Bartender, Carol the Feminist, Greg the Guy Who Can knot a Cherry Stem with His Tongue and so on.This is an informal style of naming people according to their profeion, characteristics or attributes.Naming someone like this would be insulting to many people in most contexts, but here Sandy jokes that she hasn‟t anything else that makes her stand out.翻译： „„把他们称为“酒吧侍者德鲁”、“女权主义者卡罗尔”、“能用舌头给樱桃梗打结的家伙格雷格”等等。
...the thing with Colin.The thing with Colin refers to Sandy‟s personal relationship with Colin.„„跟柯林之间的事儿。
We did the usual and exchanged numbers, and a week later Colin did the unthinkable and called.Sandy‟s experience is that this is usually the end of the matter because people don‟t think about contacting her(because she‟s deaf).However, Colin not only thought about doing so but actually did so(he “did the unthinkable”).V.Dictation This is the VOA Special English Education Report.We are going to talk again this week about higher education for 1)___________ students who want to study in the United States.As we 2)________ last time, the National Federation of the Blind says there are no special colleges or universities for blind students.But there are for deaf students.One of them is Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C.Gallaudet says it is the world's only liberal arts university where everything is 3)_________ for deaf or hard-of-hearing students.About two thousand students attend Gallaudet.The cost for
international students is about thirty-three thousand dollars a year.Financial aid is 4)___________ in the form of scholarships, but only after the first year of studies.Most scholarship aid goes to students in financial need who do well in their first year.One scholarship for international students is for deaf students from 5)____________ countries.Another is just for students from China.The university also offers an English Language Institute.But Gallaudet says this program does not guarantee 6)____________ to the university.In the past year, students at Gallaudet protested over the administration's choice of a new president for the university.The protests 7)_________ in the choice of a different president who is more popular with the students, Robert Davila.He is a former chief executive officer of the National Technical Institute for the Deaf.This technical college is in Rochester, New York.It is one of eight colleges in the Rochester Institute of Technology.8________________________________________________________________________.About one hundred of them are international students.They come from Africa, Asia, Europe and South America.9)____________________________________________________________________________________.Foreign graduate students pay about twenty thousand dollars.Both undergraduate and graduate students can receive limited financial aid.10)____________________________________________________.This program makes it poible for students to work at the school„
