我国农民工社会保险存在问题及政策建议由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“农民工的社会保障问题”。
一、农民工社会保险存在的问题
（一）农民工参加社会保险率比较低
据统计，2011年全部城镇就业人员中，农民工已经占到35.1%，而新增城镇就业人员中，农民工高达65.4%。但是农民工基本保障覆盖率相对于城镇户籍就业人员覆盖率的比率分别为：社会养老保险为23.2%，工伤保险为47.9%，基本医疗保险为31.6%，失业保险为20.1%，生育保险为14.5%。农民工作为劳动力供给的主体，不能充分享受基本公共服务的。且不同行业农民工的社会保险水平差异大。根据2012年我国农民工调查监测报告显示，制造业、交通运输仓储邮政业、批发零售业和服务业的参保情况相对较好，而建筑行业、住宿餐饮业的农民工，雇主或单位为其缴纳各项保险的比例明显低于其他行业。
（二）农民工养老保险转移接续难，退保率高
我国养老保险等主要社会保险制度被分割在2000多个统筹单位，多为县市级统筹内运行，各统筹单位之间政策不统一，难以互联互通，养老保险关系无法转移接续。镇一级的社保机构尚未健全，许多农民工跨省市流动时不能顺利转移保险基金，致使退保现象严重。按相关规定，民工解除劳动合同时，可保留保险关系，重新就业时再接续；也可将其个人缴费部分一次性支付给本人，同时终止养老保险关系，重新就业重新参保。但一些地方的社保局却更愿意让农民工退保，有的甚至规定“解除劳动合同必须退保”，因为农民工退保，所缴保险费的个人缴纳部分由农民工一次性领回，单位缴纳的统筹部分则充入地方社保基金。
二、造成农民工社会保险问题的主要原因
（一）社会保险参与主体的费用负担重
农民工参与社保，不仅农民工自身的费用负担较大，用人单位和输入地政府也承担相应的费用负担。据调查统计，承担农民工各项社会保险，企业缴费约占工资总额的31%，其中，养老、医疗、失业、生育、工伤分别占20%、8%、0.5%.0.7%、0.5-2%；个人缴费达到10%，其中，养老占8%、医疗占2%。这样农民和企业的费用负担都比较重，因而都有逃避缴费意愿。对于地方政府来说，城乡居民保障制度成本相对较高，除了要面临庞大的建校费用和低保费用外，还需补贴外地农民工随迁家属就地参加居民基本医疗保险和养老保险费用，因此地方政府感到经济压力较大。
（二）社会保险公共服务城乡分隔大
一直以来，农民工群体的流动性较大，长期在一个地区缴费的可能性很低。同时，由于我国财政支出在地区、城乡之间分配存在不平衡，导致我国基本公共服务出现城乡、区域、阶层和职业之间的分隔，统筹层级低，无法实现基本公共服务在全国范围内和不同种类之间的转移。而且政府将基本公共服务和社会保障视为经济发展的负担，导致存在着多年、多地区、多层次保险关系的转接，以及保障模式转变难度很大的问题。
（三）社会保障体系城乡之间不衔接
由于我国社保体系以及提供公共服务的城乡“二元化”和“碎片化”特征，不同区域、城乡之间所享有的公共服务和社会保障存在较大差异，制度衔接难度较大，阻碍了人口在区域、城乡间流动，进而影响了资源在地区间?A优化配置。同时，中国的养老保险制度城市工人和农村居民存在双系统，两者之间的对接是非常繁琐的，养老保险关系在企业间转移接续程序十分复杂，给养老关系转接带来的不便，这也阻止了农民工养老关系的转移行为，转而选择“退保清算”，而且退保程序反而简单，信息清晰，资金到手放心。
三、完善农民工社会保险制度的政策建议
（一）建立促进农民工参保的多元化机制
农民工参保率低的主要原因就是保险费率偏高。要解决这一问题，需要个人、单位和国家的共同努力，扩大本地农民工群体参与社保的范围。国家应将对城镇就业困难群体的社会保险补贴制度扩展到全体从业人员，鼓励包括农民工在内的非正规就业者与正规就业者一起参加统一的城镇职工社会保险制度，从而降低保险费率。统筹管理保险费，做到费率相同、计发办法相同，但在缴费基数和待遇上，可以对正规就业者和非正规就业者实施差别化管理。其中，正规就业者的缴费基数为工资收入，由劳资双方共同缴费参保基本养老保险和基本医疗保险；中小企业员工参保，应由国家定额补贴缴费。非正规就业者的缴费基数为当地最低工资，参加基本养老保险和基本医疗保险，应由国家定额补贴缴费。
（二）全面推行社会保险制度，实现农民工平等居民权利
全面推行社会保险制度，将工伤保险的比例纳入国家和地方“十二五”国民经济和社会发展规划的指标。实现农民工平等居民权利。城乡统筹，形成“整体的保障体系，不同的保障水平，灵活的保障方式，多样化的保障模式”。即无论城乡职工，不分身份全部纳入社会保险之中；根据我国国情，建立统一而有差别的缴费制度，以梯次化的层级设计建立渐进式的保障架构；制定不同的缴费层次，既有区别又不失公平地对待不同情况的城乡就业人员，实现农民工平等居民权利。
（三）健全不同保险制度间、地区间的转移衔接机制
健全不同保险制度间、地区间的转移衔接机制，建立区域、城乡、群体之间的统一社保体系。加快完善现行的转移支付制度，完善城乡之间、地区之间和不同职业人群之间的医疗、养老保险的转移接续办法，为农民工异地流动提供便利。加强社保管理机构的内控和与其他部门协调。劳动监察、社会保障、民政等相关部门应联合执法，加大对本地用工单位的监督力度，通过严格执法，确保用工单位为农民工办理社会保险。
Migrant workers social insurance problems(a)migrant workers to participate in social insurance rate is relatively low According to statistics, in 2011 the total urban employment, migrant workers have accounted for 35.1%, while the new urban and rural workers, migrant workers as high as 65.4%.But migrant workers basic guarantee coverage rates relative to the coverage rate of urban household employment ratios were: 23.2% of social endowment insurance, industrial injury insurance is 47.9%, basic medical insurance was 31.6%, unemployment insurance is 20.1%, maternity insurance is 14.5%.Migrant workers as the main body of the supply of labor, can not fully enjoy the basic public services.And the social insurance level of migrant workers in different industries is different.According to the 2012 China's migrant workers survey monitoring report shows, manufacturing, transportation, storage, postal services, wholesale and retail trade and service industry situation of the insured is relatively good, and migrant workers in construction industry, accommodation and catering industry, employers or to pay insurance, the proportion of significantly lower than that of the other industries.(two)migrant workers endowment insurance transfer and continuation of difficult, high surrender rate China's old-age insurance and other social insurance system is split in more than 2000 Co ordinating unit, is operating in the county municipal co-ordination, co-ordination unit between policy that www.daodoc.com and “fragmentation” characteristics, different regions, between urban and rural areas enjoy public services and social security exist large differences in system cohesion difficult, hindering the flow of population between regions, between urban and rural areas, thereby affecting the resources in the region.A optimal allocation.Meanwhile, there is a dual system of China's endowment insurance system of urban workers and rural residents, the docking between the two is very tedious, pension insurance relationship between enterprises in the transfer continuation procedures are very complicated, the inconvenience brought to the pension transition between, which has prevented the transfer behavior of migrant workers' pension relationship, opting instead for “liquidation of surrender” and surrender procedures instead of a simple, clear information, money hand rest aured.Three, improve the social insurance system of migrant workers policy recommendations(1)to establish a diversified mechanism for promoting the participation of migrant workers The main reason for the low insurance rate of migrant workers is the high premium rate.To solve this problem, the need for individuals, units and the country's joint efforts to expand the scope of local migrant workers to participate in social security.Countries should be will be on urban employment of disadvantaged groups of social insurance subsidies system extended to all employees, encourage, including migrant workers, informal employment and informal employment to join the unified urban social insurance system for the employees, so as to reduce the premium rate.Overall management of insurance premiums, to achieve the same rates, the same approach, but in terms of payment base and treatment, can be the regular employment and informal employment of differentiated management.Among them, the regular employment of the base for the wage income, the basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance insurance and basic medical insurance by the labor and capital, and small and medium enterprises employees insured by the national quota subsidy payment.Non formal employment of the base for the local minimum wage.
