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Different Criterions of Love
—simple analysis of Anna Karenina
Abstract：Anna Karenina’s love is stirring and tragic.Levin’s love is seemingly happy but insipid.Love is different when criterions are different.Why Anna’ fate is tragic and how to get true love are also analyzed in this paper.Mutual respect and consideration are the basics of love and never lose ourselves in love.Key words: noble, tragic, love, free, happine, respect
The late 19th century of Ruia, not long after the reform of serfdom in 1861, was a time of coexisting of both relic force and neonatal capitalism.It was such a particular time and situation that it tended to provoke the reflective thoughts of some great men of their day.They began to think the position of cla and revolution, the fate of aristocrat and civilian, the meaning of family and marriage, the value of life and death, the belief of religion and other social problems.Tolstoy was just one of them.His Anna Karenina was based on these two main plots, the story of Anna and the story of Levin, to illustrate his view of the society.Levin, to a large extent, mimics and represents the author himself, who is a noble but loves pastoral nature and tends to live a simple country side life, and whose story reaffirms the writer’s view of life.Anna, a fairly beautiful, dignified and elegant, purity, honest and kind-hearted noble woman, whose inner world is full of romance and enthusiasm, lives an apparently happy and people envious life but finally ends up her life in a tragic way.The film begins with an unhappy family.Anna’s brother Stiva has been caught cheating on his wife, Dolly.And Anna is invited to persuade Dolly to forgive Stiva.Anna herself is married to the high-ranking, upper cla Karenin, and has a lovely eight-year old son, whose marriage seems stable and united from the start.But she never knows that her coming of this time will completely change her whole life.Upon arrival at the railway station, she meets the handsome and energetic Count Vronsky, who falls in love with Anna at first sight.No matter how she tries to escape his stares, to avoid meeting him, she can never get rid of him for his love is so crazy.Finally, she can no longer control herself and resist his flooded love.Then, they become intimate, and their affair is quickly spread in the up cla.What triggers the conflict between Vronsky and Karenin is Anna’s pregnant, and it is this event that let Anna make a determination to divorce Karenin and desert her beloved son.But things never go that easily.Karenin values his social pride and honor so much that he will never agree to divorce for fear that this may have a bad influence on his career.He just pretends that nothing has happened.Yet Anna cannot let go of Vronsky—she continues to see him quite often.Later, Karenin discovers how serious the affair is and then he considers divorcing Anna.It is just what Anna has long expected, so at the same time Anna and Vronsky become even closer.After having Vronsky’s baby, Anna becomes seriously ill.Anna thinks herself is going to die, and she asks Karenin to forgive her completely.At the same time, Vronsky is at her side.Though Karenin decides to revenge Anna and Vronsky at first, upon seeing Anna, he forgives her for everything she did and does not criticize Vronsky either.Vronsky seems to be humiliated by what he did and by Karenin, so he tries to commit suicide by shooting himself.But he finally gives up for he still loves Anna so much.Yet Anna recovers and forgets what she said to Karenin, once again come into Vronsky’s arms and run away with the count to Italy.Their elopement really infuriates Karenin, and he is resolute in refusal of divorce.In Italy, Anna and Vronsky indeed have a transitory happine.But contradiction appears soon after, because Vronsky is an aggreive man after all, just like he himself says “I can do nothing here.I need a purpose”.So they come back to Ruia.Here, Anna’s life becomes terrible.She is refused to see her own son, Seriozha.Her friends abandon her, ashamed of her behavior.She cannot go out in public with Vronsky, to the theater or the opera, because they would be subjecting themselves to the rumor mill.As a gentleman and a count of up cla, Vronsky is unable to do without social intercourse eentially.And the key point is that he is free to go anywhere he likes and he is free to do anything.Naturally, the time he accompanies Anna becomes le and le.So Anna becomes horribly insecure, thinking that Vronsky goes out so much because he is in love with someone else.Actually, Vronsky has never changed his love towards Anna, but they just fight often because the unspoken tension that exists between them.Anna is tortured so much mentally.When she quarrels with Vronsky, she says desperately “why can’t I go out? I love you and nothing else matters to me”.Though he still loves her, she becomes doubtful.She isn’t Vronsky’s wife, but she is more than just his mistre.She depends entirely on him for internal peace and love.But what she finally realizes is that no one has the power to satisfy her emotional desires, not Vronsky nor anyone else.She was woven a complex web for herself, one she feels she can only escape by killing herself.That is what she does, jumping in front of a train.The development of Anna’s story is promoted mainly by five conflicts.These fives conflicts push the plot to another and yet another climax step by step, from which we can see how Anna put herself to a tough situation that can never be changed.The first conflict between Anna and Karenin took place when Anna went home one deep night after dating with Vronsky.She didn’t know that what is waiting for her is her husband Karenin’s warning.At that time, he only heard some rumors about her wife’s love affairs and she didn’t go that far.As a husband, he has the right to point out this and expre his dignity and disaffection.However, Anna just denies it and ignores.And she also takes this chance to expre her resentment, “You are always like that.You don’t like me to be dull, and then you don’t like it when I go out and enjoy myself.Stop it, you know I cannot stand it and I would like to know what all this is about”, which has lasted for long time.She pretends that she doesn’t know what has happened and just walks through Karenin that she is desperately sleepy, which let Karenin down.Though Anna’s thoughtlene behavior and indiscretion cause herself to be talked about in society and begin to attract attention and it may disgraces Karenin’s reputation, Karenin still keeps his genteel and cultivation by saying “Anna, for God’s sake, don’t speak like that, perhaps I am mistaken.But believe me, what I say as much for my sake as for yours.I am your husband, and l love you.”
As time goes by and the love between Anna and Vronsky becomes increasingly intense, they are at the threads of their social lives when Anna becomes pregnant.She must, obviously, tell Karenin the news, thus initiating the second conflict between Anna and Karenin.Once Anna and Karenin seeing a horse racing together, Anna is unable to hide the despair when she sees one of the riders, Vronsky, fall.Once again, Karenin feels he has the duty to oblige Anna.However, he receives the unexpected answer that Anna just confees to him everything about the love with Vronsky.It really exacerbates Karenin.Not any husband can tolerate such thing, neither does Karenin.He decides to divorce Anna and takes their son, Seriozha, away as a punishment for her adultery.From then on, their relationship is cut up completely until Anna is dying.The next three conflicts are all occurred between Anna and Vronsky when they live together.Once people get what they want, they will become empty and contradictions present.Anna is just the case.Carrying a bad name, Anna cannot go out in public with Vronsky, to the theater or the opera, which I have mentioned above.What makes Anna angry is Vronsky’s frequent going out, which is a signal of not loving anymore in her eye.She becomes unbelieving and complaining and she always fights with Vronsky for something trifling, which makes Vronsky tired.Vronsky’s love for Anna is not as hot as before.Among these three fights, the second time is the sharpest one.Here’s the thing.Vronsky went back home seeing Anna packing luggage one day.Anna told him that she wanted to live in the country.Actually, it is a good sign for a woman who has constrained and depreed so long.No one can imagine how terrible the life was and how much mental torment she suffered the days just paed.She just cooped up in those rooms all day long and day by day, and conceived her only mental support, Vronsky, spending nights with other pretty young women.It is not easy for such a woman to make up her mind to change.“You know it came over me like an absolute inspiration.Why should we go on waiting here for the divorce? I’ve made up my mind that it shan’t influence my life anymore.” From her words, we can see the desire she wants to change, and that she can’t wait even another minute.So, if someone doesn’t do as what she wishes this moment, she will be hysterical and hopele.And Vronsky just did such thing.He was also delight to see Anna’s change, and planned to go with her after getting things in order.But Anna saw this as a purpose to delay their departure and an excuse to stay.She aociated Vronsky’s words and behavior with his changing of love for her.She was stubborn to think that he cares nothing for her.She depends entirely on him for internal peace and love.But what she finally realizes is that no one has the power to satisfy her emotional desires, not Vronsky nor anyone else.Her spiritual pillar begins to collapse.Just like she says” what I want is that you should not desert me as you are thinking of doing.No, I don’t want that.What I want is your love.But it has gone, so it is all over”.Upon this, Vronsky feels it unreasonable.What he meant was just put off their departure for a matter of 3 day while Anna accused him of lying and being dishonorable.He said that there is a limit to his endurance.It is the very fight that makes Anna have an idea to die.“Why didn’t I die?” she said to herself after fighting with Vronsky.Happy families are all alike;every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.Running side by side with Anna’s story is Levin’s, which can be said a happy one, though at first was not that happy.Levin’s story, I’ve mentioned earlier, is one that mimics the life and interests of the novelist himself.Levin, a landowner and country man comes to the city to propose to Kitty, a pretty young lady who is indulged in instead by Vronsky.She rejects Levin’s proposal and keeps her eye on the count Vronsky, however, is smitten with Anna.Levin is crushed.He goes home to the country and immerses himself totally in his relationship with the land.He writes a book about farming practices in Ruia, revealing his belief that landowners should split the land with their peasants so the peasants have an incentive to work harder.This is a controversial plan as Ruia becomes more industrialized.Kitty, too, is crushed by Vronsky’s disinterest.She becomes ill, and her family takes her to a spa in Germany, where she recovers and realizes that she has truly loved Levin all along.They meet again shortly, and Kitty accepts Levin’s second proposal.They marry happily and have a boy named Mitya.Kitty is a huge force in Levin’s life, helping him to come to grips with his lifelong struggle with faith and religion.She also helps Levin cope with the death of his brother Nicholas.In Tolstoy’s eyes, the two have the ideal marriage and love.Though Anna and Levin’s plot lines connect at times, Tolstoy dares only the briefest encounter between the two, near the end of the book.Levin is temporarily swept into Anna’s world, proving to Tolstoy how dangerous a character like Anna is to Levin’s world.As Anna and Levin’s stories are contrasted, Tolstoy makes a thematic case, though Levin, for pre-industrial societies as the major source of happine, wealth and sustenance.He advocates the idea of caring for the land as if it was the wealth of the world, and he labels the land as the only mutual aociation which can bind societies and families together.Tolstoy shows us the valuable role of rural society in preserving the family.Through Anna, Tolstoy aociates city life with vice.That Anna is a creature of the social, urban world makes her character revolve le around virtue, and more around romance sex, and societal affirmation.So, what on earth contributes to Anna’s tragedy? Identifying the reasons for a social phenomenon which involves several complicated factors is far from an easy task.But achieving some is still within poible.Among all the reasons, I should put first the evil value, religion doctrine and moral law of up cla which maintains the aristocracy.Actually, there were many noblewomen having affairs with other men and they were proud of this.They won’t be criticized and punished as long as they don’t make it public and their husbands’ name is not disgraced.However, Anna is above the noble society and she is not willing to be a mistre.She is faithful to her own heart and pure torrid love.She is brave enough to make it public and defy the inveracious noble society.But how could she, a petit woman, fight against the predominant aristocracy.She has no choice but to be expelled out of the circle.Then, Karenin is also responsible for her death.He is 20 years older than Anna, and his only interest is his position and honor.Have been living in officialdom for so long, he becomes indifferent and vapidne.Living with such a dull man for 8 years, Anna becomes lonely and eager to be free.So when she meets the dashing count Vronsky, she can no longer resist the temptation.Comparing two of them, Anna chose Vronsky stoutly.Though she hesitated at first and ever tried to maintain the harmonious family, she was smitten by the unprecedented happine completely.And for such happine, Anna abandoned everything, reputation, position, wealth and beloved son.What she did was unforgivable in the noble’s eye and she had no chance to turn her head back.And then, Anna herself is liable for her own tragedy.First, her cla origin determines her fate.She was born noble, but what she chases is individual liberation of bourgeois.Though her pursuing of happine is human nature, her cost is so high.She didn’t think about it that her chasing of pure love would hurt her husband at the same time, which would lead to her husband’s revenge.And having a son and setting a foothold on the up cla is the mainstay of her existence.But she just ignored all of this and her levity brought her heavy price.Second, her value of love is illiberal.She set her all happine upon Vronsky, so once she lost his love, she lost everything including herself.This can be illustrated by Byron, “Love is just a part of life of a man, but all the life of a woman.” She loves him so much that she fears to lose him one day.And she becomes complaining and skeptical, thus losing Vronsky’s love finally.From Anna’s and Levin’s story, what can we learn? There is Levin’s monologue at the beginning of the film “The fear of dying without ever knowing love was greater than the fear of death itself”.To someone, it is yes.But what should we keep in mind when we handle our love things? Anna’s spirit, her sacrifice of everything for love, her listening to her own heart, should be admired, because it is a flame of humanity, but when facing reality we have to consider more.After all, we are live in a society, and it is not a Utopia.When we chase our rights and happine, we should make sure that others’ legal rights are not harmed, especially those who love us so much.Only caring about ourselves and don’t even think about the feelings of the people around us is not only an action of selfish, but also a behavior of immaturity.Mutual respect and consideration are the basics of love.Levin’s story has proved this point.Though he has a plain face, maybe ugly, and 16 years older than Kitty, he gets her true love in the end.Another important doctrine should be born in our mind is that love is just a part of our life.If we have it, we thank God.If not, we are still ourselves and we still can make our life prosperous.Anna, to some extent, gets what she wants, living with Vronsky, but she is over caring about him.She can’t live without his love.She fears too much, and doesn’t know how to handle.She just complains and gets angry, thus leading to Vronsky’s loathing.So, believe in love but never lose ourselves in it and never complain, our life will be bright.References: 1.期刊论文 张会艳 简析安娜•.卡列宁娜的悲剧根源—理论界 2008，””(5)2.杜宗义 俄国资本主义发展时期的社会活动的生活画卷 1979 3.期刊论文 卢丽萍 悲剧的艺术—论《德伯家的苔丝》中的悲剧及艺术根源—安徽文学（下半月）2009，””(4)4.期刊论文 荆煜君 安娜•卡列尼娜悲剧成因分析—文学教育（上）2009，””(3)5.期刊论文 郑舒婷 关于《安娜•卡列尼娜》爱情描写的现代思考
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