中西方饮食文化差异及餐桌礼仪的对比 (3)由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“中西方餐桌礼仪的差异”。
Cultural differences between Chinese and Western food as well as the comparison of table manners Yahong(, Harbin Normal University, Spanish University, Harbin 150080)Abstract: The existence of different peoples and countries with distinctive food culture, with strong national character and diversity of features.Cuisine And the differences in table manners is also a cro-cultural communication factors that influence the outcome of communication.From a cro-cultural perspective revealed in the Western food culture and table manners Of their differences and allows people to understand its profound culture, exploring its cultural heritage, and improve cro-cultural awarene.Key words: cro-cultural communication;food culture;table manners;cultural differences Into the 21st century, cro-cultural communication have become an indispensable element in people's lives.Due to regional differences, different peoples, nations have developed different cultures.Food culture and table manners is also a Cro-Cultural Communication Central Africa an important part of language and culture.Understanding of Chinese and Western food culture and table manners differences and their origins, for foreign language learners in terms of, not only to increase the understanding of language and culture of learning, can increase the succe rate of cro-cultural communication, avoid inappropriate manner or behavior result in misunderstanding and communication barriers.一 the differences between Chinese and Western food culture 1.Rational Westerners pay more attention to the nutrition and survival The greatest difference between Chinese and Western food culture is the focus of attention is different from the “nutrition” and “delicious” Both the pros and cons of the iue.In Western countries, catering mostly only as a neceary means of survival and communication methods.The Western diet is a rational concept, regardle of food color, smell, taste, shape how, nutrition must be aured that the West pay attention to nutrition, the neglect of cooking flavor.They refused to use MSG, that its nutrition is neither chemical products have side effects;raw vegetables, including not only tomatoes, lettuce, and even cabbage, broccoli.And thus their “salad” like a feed, so that we hard to swallow.Although the Chinese people pay attention to nutrition and health, but also know that vegetables will be lost sensation in the heating part of the vitamins, raw and avoid the lo, they still prefer the former because customary patronage, but also because the taste did much better.2.Sensibility is the Chinese people to pursue and enjoy the delicious In China, people have a saying: “Hunger breeds discontent, food to taste as the first” taste is the highest principles of cooking.In the eyes of the Chinese people, “eat” far from being simply in order to eat, nor for nutrition, and sometimes eaten, but also to eat, it is unable to bear “delicious,” the temptation to enjoy the taste to enjoy.However, in the West view to rational eating, this diet
is not only wasteful overload, but also risk Harm the human body.Although the Chinese people pay attention to diet, food support, and attention to diet To health tonic, but we are in pursuit of delicious cooking as the first to be Demand, resulting in the lo of many nutrients destroyed, so nutrition was also Xu is the biggest weakne of Chinese cuisine 3.To follow the norms of Western cooking and science Westerners emphasize science and nutrition, so the whole proce of cooking in strict accordance with the scientific norm.The use of recipes is an excellent proof of this.Westerners are always holding a cookbook to buy food produced dishes, but the comparison, is still a very mechanical thing, and this has led to Western, a drawback---the lack of features.When people are in different places when you want to taste the local cuisine is definitely not some people choose to like Kentucky Fried Chicken or McDonald's food.In addition, the standardized cooking even called the exact ingredients, spices to add precision to the grams, cooking time, accurate to seconds.Since the standardization of Western dishes produced so there is no creativity.So that Westerners can not understand is that the Chinese cook not only the pursuit of accurate standardized, but respected randomne.Opening China's recipes, the preparation of raw materials often found the amount of spices to add volume are fuzzy concepts.Moreover, Chinese cooking, not only pay attention to the major cuisines have their own flavor and characteristics, even the same dish the same cuisine, the spices used in matching with a variety of side dishes will cook according to characteristics of the individual hobbies have changed.Is also a “Mapo tofu”, the guests in Sichuan cooking, and cooking for the guests in Suzhou, the seasoning used is certainly different.In the West, a dish in different regions face different in different seasons of the food, and both are without any changes.4.Advocating freedom and individuality were Westerners re-Chinese and Western food culture is clearly reflected this kind of “harmony” and “respectively” cultural identity.Western cuisine, in addition to a few Bruels sprouts, are dishes of various materials having nothing to do, fish is a fish, steak is the steak, even if there are matching, which are also carried out in the disk, This reflects the “Western emphasis on the respective” culture of society.This emphasis on the social and cultural difference also reflected in the meal pattern.Westerners pursuing a Fencan system, people's individuality, self-respect.Buffet style popular in the West to eat all the more, the lack of Chinese people talking Huan mood music.5.Aspire to the Chinese emphasis on harmony and harmony with the overall Chinese have long used “and” and “together” as the realm of the most beautiful music on the stre “and music”, “chimed,” medical claim “body and”, “gas and” I hope the country's political achievement, “Governance and Social
Harmony.” Said the beautiful marriage as “marriage made in heaven”, and when all the good things that aemble together, we will of its reputation as “a perfect fit.” This kind of “harmony” on the idea embodied in the cooking is reflected in the “flavors to reconcile.” So, Chinese food in almost every dish had to spend two or more of the raw materials and a variety of spices to reconcile the cooking.Chinese people to cook as “cooking”, delicious produce, is to reconcile.Therefore, the Chinese people cooking is not a “1 +1 = 2” so simple, but should be equal to “3” or more.In short, the Chinese and Western diet in many areas there are a wide range of differences, of course, these differences are relative, for several thousand years of cultural exchanges between East and West in the West also contributed to the continued integration of the food culture.Under the globalization trend of the cro-cultural communication makes a variety of food culture is compatible with and complement each other constantly.Today, enjoy the distinctive eastern and western diet has become commonplace in daily life of contemporary people do.We are in the streets everywhere French dinner, KFC and other Western Exotic food, and the Chinese restaurant has opened all over the world.二, table manners differences Food culture, cutlery, eating patterns and a range of table manners and so reflects the social life styles of different ethnic and cultural orientations.Everywhere in modern society, etiquette, eating is not just to meet basic physical needs, but also a very important social experience.While the Western table manners requirements there are many differences, understand the difference between the two to prevent the breach of etiquette to others.1.Table differences in the atmosphere Is generally quiet on the Western table, the Chinese table movement.Westerners normally a good move, but one will be dedicated to sit on the table to go quietly cut its own Panzhong Can.Chinese people normally a quiet, sit a table, they talked at each other for vegetables, urge somebody to drink.Chinese people downtown on the table static on the table with the West and Western food culture reflects the fundamental differences on.2.Table manners In the Chinese cultural tradition, people attending a formal dinner party, when all is relatively stre, but in the modern customs change and development, there is progreive side and backward side, There are the traditional inheritance, but also a breach of traditional cultural practices.Example, when dining inClothing, should be more casual than in the past can be a tunic, jacket orSuits, etc.This also reflects the traditional culture of change and development, whichIs precisely the fusion of Western culture, the role of positive transfer occurred between the bestIllustration.Many of today's Westerners, especially Americans do not like smoking or drinking, and many people do not like people smoking in their residence drinking.In China today, many people both smoke and drink, there is aKinds of
social strange phenomenon seems to be “non-smokers do not drink” to the non-social.Therefore, on the table in China, there is still smoke, stinking, “bad habits”, even though they know that this style of injury, but still can not ban the.Presumably this is the culture of migration and development, incomplete, incomplete nature of the performance, we need a correct understanding and appreciation of cultural phenomena, based on, and constantly promote human and cultural development, and enhancing the national human qualities.3.Seat sort Chinese and Western people are fastidious about the activities of a formal dinner arrangements for Zuo Ci.Chinese people traditionally used square table.Door is on both sides for the side seat.Host a party, the elderly, guest of honor, or high-status people sit seat, the owner or Peike men and women who sit down and blocks the rest of the guests in order to sit side seat.Westerners host a party with a long table, men and women to sit at both ends of the master points, and then guest of honor at the pre of men and women and the general order of the guests seating arrangement.For the table of rules, Westerners eat with knife and fork, the Chinese use chopsticks.Of course, the usage of knives and forks and chopsticks have their own rules.Through the cultural differences between Chinese and Western food as well as the comparison of Chinese and Western table manners, not only reflects the cultural traditions from around, but also reflects different national psychology, values and moral standards, sociology, social etiquette and social customs, etc., that is, Western culture, ideas personal honor, self-centered, innovative spirit and individual freedom, while the Chinese culture advocates modest, selfle dedication, moderation and unity and coordination;the West a strong sense of equality, the family structure is simple;while the Chinese people a strong sense of hierarchy and family structure more complex, the traditional well-being of families, and so on for four generations living under one roof.In cro-cultural communication, because of cultural barriers caused by misunderstanding of the information, and even hurt each other, were common occurrences.Sometimes, good conversation make each other extremely awkward, polite manners would be misinterpreted as absurd vulgar.Therefore, studying the differences between different cultures to study the behavior of the correct cro-cultural communication has become an iue can not be ignored.In the comparative study of the proce, their respective advantages and disadvantages of obvious.Such studies are beneficial to transfer the role of culture in order to “eence, to its dregs,” so as to promote the national language, human and cultural development.References: [1] Jia new.Intercultural Communication [M].Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Pre, 1997.[2] Hu Wenzhong.Introduction to Intercultural Communication [M].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Pre, 1999.[3] SAMOVAR,.L A, cro-cultural communication [M].Beijing: Foreign
Language Teaching and Research Pre, 2000.
