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South Korea’s new president 韩国新总统朴槿惠
Plenty on her plate 准备仍需继续
Park Geun-hye prepares to addre some of her father’s legacy 朴槿惠准备继承父亲遗志
Jan 5th 2013 | SEOUL | from the print edition
PARK GEUN-HYE’S campaign advertising described her as a “prepared female president”.Having narrowly defeated the Democratic United Party(DUP)candidate, Moon Jae-in, on December 19th, two-thirds of her slogan will be realised with her inauguration on February 25th.The “prepared” part, however, is le clear.朴槿惠的竞选广告形容她是一位“做好了准备的女总统”。12月19号，她以微弱优势击败了民主统和党候选人文在寅。而随着1月25日就职典礼的举行，这句口号的三分之二将得以实现。然而，关于其“是否真的做好了准备”，一切仍有待观察。
South Korean presidents-elect appoint transition teams to help smooth their way into office and many of their members then take up posts in the new government.With her appointments, Ms Park seems to be trying to bridge the political divide.Her transitional team, consisting of nine subcommittees, is headed by Kim Yong-joon, a former head of South Korea’s Constitutional Court.新总统组建了职务交接委员会来帮助新政府上台。他们中的很多成员之后也将在新政府中拥有一席之地。朴槿惠似乎在以这种委派职务的方式来尽力弥合政治上的分歧。职务交接委员会由9个分科委员会组成。其委员长由前韩宪法法院院长金容俊担任。
Mr Kim is a conservative like Ms Park, but is not seen as hardline by the 48% who voted for Mr Moon.As a young judge in 1963, he even ruled against the detention of an army chief-of-staff who had opposed Ms Park’s father, the dictator Park Chung-hee.Ms Park has also taken care to give prominent roles to natives of Jeolla province, such as Han Kwang-ok, head of the subcommittee on national unity.Jeolla suffered under succeive military regimes in the past, and always votes for the DUP rather than Ms Park’s Saenuri Party.金容俊和朴槿惠总统一样是保守派人士，但在支持文在寅的那48%选民看来，他的作风却并不强硬。1963年，当时还是一名年轻法官的文在寅甚至反对拘捕一名反总统武装的头目。而时任总统正是朴槿惠的父亲，独裁统治者朴正熙。朴槿惠还特别对一些全罗道出身的官员委以要职，例如目前正担任统一分科委员会委员长的韩光玉。历史上，全罗道曾长期处于军事政权统治下，并且一向倾向于支持民主统和党，而非朴槿惠所属的新国家党。
The rallying cry of the election was “economic democratisation”, a fluffy term that has two main strands, both of which Ms Park seems to be sticking to.The first is to counter the vast(and increasingly unpopular)power of families that run the chaebol, South Korea’s huge conglomerates.Ms Park’s party is historically pro-chaebol.Her father set up the system that enabled them to flourish with governmental support.But she has promised a otugher line, notably on the system of cro-holdings that permit control of a conglomerate with only a small amount of capital 朴槿惠的竞选口号是推行“经济民主化”。这一政策力度温和，朴槿惠总理的变革主要集中在两个方面。首先是对那些势力庞大且日渐令人生厌的家族企业说“不”。在韩国，这种大型企业被称为财阀。从历史上看，朴槿惠所在的新国家党其实就是财阀的前身。正是她的父亲开创了这种模式，使企业得以依靠政府而蓬勃发展。但朴槿惠却走了一条更为艰难的道路，尤其是考虑到当前制度下财阀间的交叉控股现象—他们往往只需持有一笔小额资本便可实现对彼此集团的永久性支配。
At a meeting on December 26th with the Federation of Korean Industries, a chaebol lobby group, Ms Park emphasised jobs over profit maximisation.She has also pledged to be tougher on crooked behaviour.In the past decade three chairmen of the largest five chaebol have received presidential pardons following convictions for offences such as fraud and tax evasion.If she sticks to her word, this will stop.12月26日，朴槿惠与财阀游说组织，韩国产业联合会会面。比起如何实现利润最大化，她在会上强调得更多的是就业问题。同时她还承诺将严厉打击业界不法行为。仅在过去十年里，韩国五大财阀的董事长中就有三位因为诈骗和逃税迫使总统动用了豁免权。而今后这种现象将不复存在。
The second strand is the expansion of the welfare state.Ms Park promises to provide free child care for under-fives, and to subsidise social security contributions and university-tuition fees for the poor.On January 1st the national aembly approved 2.4 trillion won($2.3 billion)of extra welfare spending to pay for all this, as part of the “Park Geun-hye budget”.Old conservatives like the outgoing finance minister, Bahk Jae-wan, have long grumbled about the populism of such measures.改革的另一个方面则是关于社会福利支出。朴槿惠承诺将推行五岁以下儿童免费教育，贫困大学生学费减免以及加强公共社会安全等一系列措施。1月1日，韩国国会通过了为以上方针增拨2亿四千万韩元（约合2300万美元）的议案，同时将这笔支出纳入政府预算中。但一些保守人士，如前财政部部长朴宰完，则对这份福利方案颇有微词。
A dangerous neighbourhood 躁动的邻国
Although Ms Park has undoubtedly shifted her party on domestic iues, foreign policy is unlikely to change much from that of outgoing president, Lee Myung-bak.Ms Park speaks some Chinese and will want to overcome the strains caused by China’s insistence on sending North Korean refugees back home rather than to South Korea, as well as the incursion of Chinese fishing boats into South Korean waters.But relations with America are strong and she will not want to risk them merely to please China.On December 24th, the Obama administration offered South Korea four advanced spy drones 尽管朴槿惠政府不遗余力地对本国各方面施行改革，但其外交政策却基本沿袭了前总统李明博时期的作风。朴槿惠会说一些汉语，因此也想借机和缓一下由于朝鲜难民遣返问题以及中方渔船非法作业问题而稍显紧张的两国关系。不过，介于美韩之间的同盟关系，她也不会以此为代价去讨好中国。就在12月24日，奥巴马才刚刚宣布为韩提供4台先进的无人侦察机。
America’s expansion of its miile-defence programme in Asia raises Chinese concerns about.containment Some analysts say this will make Beijing see South Korea’s alliance with America as part of a wider anti-China strategy, rather than one merely directed at North Korea.There could be problems ahead, regardle of the fluency of Ms Park’s Chinese.中国认为美国对韩导弹防御系统的支援其实是一次针对中方的遏制性战略部署。有分析指出这将使中国视美韩结盟为整个反华战略的一部分，而非单单只针对朝鲜。无论朴槿惠总统的汉语有多流利，中韩关系都将因此面临一些新的挑战。
American officials hope Ms Park can repair damaged ties with their other main regional partner, Japan.South Koreans remain angry about colonial-era sex slavery, and the ownership dispute over the Dokdo islands(known as Takeshima in Japan), visited by President Lee in August.Ms Park’s father once served in the Japanese imperial army that occupied northeast China, making it politically impoible for her to show too much kindne to Japan.美国当局希望朴槿惠政府能与其在亚洲的另一盟友日本改善关系。韩国仍对日方在慰安妇问题上的态度以及独岛（日本称竹岛）所有权争端一事耿耿于怀。2012年8月，前总统李明博曾登上了独岛。朴槿惠的父亲曾在日军占领中国东北时为其效力，这就注定了她在政治立场上不会是亲日派。
Shinzo Abe, Japan’s new premier, sent envoys to meet Ms Park on January 4th in an attempt to ease the tension, but the South Korean pre has been working itself into a frenzy over Mr Abe’s strident nationalism.His big majority gives him leeway to be diplomatic, but any move to rescind a 1995 apology for wartime suffering his country caused would be disastrous for the bilateral relationship.为了缓解局势，1月4日，新任日本首相安倍晋三派遣使团与朴槿惠会面。不过，韩国媒体此时早已掀起了对安倍极端民族主义的口伐笔诛。1995年，日本曾为发动侵略战争致歉。如今，虽然民众的大力支持使安倍有资格代表日本的外交立场，但是只要日方对当初的道歉有一丝收回之意，都将给两国脆弱的关系带去毁灭性的打击。
Then there is North Korea.Ms Park has based her approach on reciprocity, pitched halfway between the “sunshine” policy of former presidents Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun, and the frostine of Mr Lee.She says she will start with small economic projects and humanitarian aid, and engage further if the North’s leader, Kim Jong Un, chooses diplomacy with the South.She calls it “trustpolitik”
.关于朝鲜问题，朴槿惠既不像前总统金大中﹑卢武铉那样采取“阳光政策”，也不像李明博般态度强硬，而是在互惠互利的基础上，走折衷路线。她承诺将首先给予朝鲜一部分经济人道主义援助，如果金正恩愿意双方建立外交，再进一步深化两国关系。朴槿惠表示这会是一次“信任外交”。
On January 1st Mr Kim gave the first new year’s speech by a North Korean leader for 19 years, calling for an end to confrontation.But, although the style may mark a change, his demand for the implementation of old sunshine-era agreements is likely to leave Ms Park unmoved.Experience shows that one of the few things North Korea can be trusted to do is to continue developing nuclear weapons.Mr Kim may well test a device soon.Ms Park will need to be prepared.1月1日，金正恩发表了朝鲜领导人19年来首次新年致辞，宣称朝韩对峙的时代已经结束。不过，尽管金正恩放低了姿态，但倘若他要求韩国政府履行“阳光政策”时代达成的协议，或许会使朴槿惠在对朝态度上强硬起来。经验告诉我们，关于朝鲜，唯一可以相信的就在于它肯定会继续核武器的开发。金正恩也许很快就会进行试验。对此，朴槿惠必须有所准备。
