高考二轮复习英语学案——专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“高考英语二轮复习学案”。
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SUNIONG2010高考二轮复习英语学案
专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气
【典例精析】
1.（2007 全国卷II，8）_______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.A.If
B.Since
C.Though
D.When 【解析】A 有题干可知，“若不是他伤了腿，约翰就能赢得比赛了”，运用了虚拟语气，故用if。
2.（2008山东卷, 24）Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ____ it without you.A.can manage
B.could have managed C.could manage
D.can have managed 【解析】 B 此题考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法。I don’t think…是否定前移。意为：我认为没有你我们本不能做成这件事的。此题关键是要根据句意知道是虚拟语气，其基本形式是情态动词（过去式）+have done,所以其他选项皆可排除。【答案】B
3（09福建）.But for the help of my English teacher, I____the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A.would not win B.would not have won C.would win D.would have won 【答案】B 虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构，故选B。
4.（09湖南）— It’s the office!So you _____ know eating is not allowed here.— Oh, sorry.A.must
B.will
C.may
D.need 【解析】A 句意为：这是办公室！因此你必须知道吃的不允许带到这里。must表示“绝不”的意思。
5.（09海南）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _____ be twelve A.should
B.would
C.will
D.shall 【答案】A。你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗?应该有十二人。should表示“应该，应当”。6.（09上海）It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.全力打造最优秀的学科网站，您的需要就是我们努力的方向！阳光教学资源网 http://www.daodoc.com 搜集，仅供学习和研究使用！
A.may
B.can
C.must
D.should 【解析】C 考查情态动词的基本用法。此处表示肯定性较强的猜测，故答案选C。7.（09四川）—I don’t care what people think.—Well, you _______ A.could
B.would
C.should
D.might 【解析】C考查情态动词的用法。答话的人提了一个建议——你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人提建议，所以答案为：C 8.（09天津）This printer is of good quality.If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A.would
B.should
C.could
D.might 【解析】B 考查虚拟语气中的情态动词用法。表示对将来情况的虚拟假设，条件从句可以用should+v.原形；
9.（09重庆）—Hi, Tom.Any idea where Jane is? —She_____in the claroom.I saw her there just now.A.shall be
B.should have been
C.must be D.might have been 【答案】C 考查情态动词表示猜测的用法。由后面的just now暗示现在一定在教室推知对现在情况的猜测，故答案为C.10.（09全国2）I can’t leave.She told me that I______stay here until she comes back.A.can
B.must
C.will
D.may 【解析】B 考查情态动词的基本用法。由前面的I can’t leave.推知我必须呆在这里，故答案为B。
11.（09江苏）11.He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he____ it differently.A.could expre
B.would expre C.could have expreed
D.must have expreed 【解析】C 考查情态动词的用法。由前面的后悔表示做过啦，故后面的意思为本能够表达的不同，答案为C符合。
【专题突破】情态动词和虚拟语气密不可分，情态动词表示推测的考查，虚拟语气中对情态动词的考查，这些都是需要注意的地方，要想突破，可以从语境、语义、说话者的语气等方面着手，具体说：
1.根据时间确定时态、时间段
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即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说，若对现在情况进行推测，情态动词后接动词原形或进行式；若对过去情况进行推测，则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点)；若是对正在发生的情况进行推测，后接动词的进行式；判断出时间段套用现在、过去、将来虚拟语气的句式。2.充分利用句子语境、语义
综观历年高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境、语义中的运用，即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，就可作出正确选择。3.注意分清适用句型
即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于肯定句型，还是用于疑问句型或否定句型，同时还要注意情态动词在某些特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。
4.弄清说话者的语义、语气推断属于哪个时间段的情况，正确把握隐含、混合等虚拟语气。5.掌握固定句式，从固定句式着手，套用虚拟语气句型。1.—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.—Thanks.You _________it.I could manage it myself.A.needn’t do
C.mustn’t do
B.needn’t have done
D.shouldn’t have done
【解析】B 句子的语境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。选A还是B呢？根据前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，动作已经发生，所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况，故选 needn’t have done。
2.This cake is very sweet.You _________ a lot of sugar in it.A.should put
B.could have put C.might put
D.must have put 【解析】D前文说“蛋糕很甜”，下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
3.—The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.— Oh, dear!She _________ a lot of difficulties!
A.may go through
B.might go through C.ought to have gone through
D.must have gone through 【解析】D由上文的stayed可知，此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在非洲研究野生动物13年才回来。”“天啊！她一定经历了不少苦难！”
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4.Helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.A.shall
B.must
C.may
D.can 【解析】C由于下文说“她还没有把握”，所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测，即“可能会与我们去旅行”。
5.—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.—It _________ Harry’s.He always wears green.A.has to be
B.will be
C.mustn’t be
D.could be 【解析】D 后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”，据此语境可推知，这件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。
6.—Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.—Well.He _________have gone far—his coat’s still here.A.shouldn’t
B.mustn’t
C.can’t
D.wouldn’t
分析：答案选C。后文说“他的外套还在这里”，据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”，故选can’t 5.He paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free.A.could
B.would
C.must
D.need
【解析】A could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场，但他买了票”。
6.—Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.—She _________.I’ve already borrowed one.A.can’t
B.mustn’t
C.needn’t
D.shouldn’t
【解析】C 既然“我已经借了一本”，所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。
7.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _________be very slow.A.should B.must
C.will
D.can 【解析】 D在通常情况下，情态动词 can 表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句，但有一种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意，而此题考查的正是can 表示“有时”的用法。
8.Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he____________a student of Beijing University.A．would have been
B．should be
C．has been
D．had been
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【解析】A otherwise引起虚拟语气的虚拟语气属于含蓄型的，由句意可以得知是与过去的事实相反，主句用 would have done。
9.---Your sister nearly _______ all her spare time to her study during the three years.----That's right，or she ________ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.A.devoted;wouldn't have taken
B.spent;wouldn't have taken C.had devoted;hadn't taken
D.had spent;couldn't take
【解析】A devote … to 为固定搭配，因此第一个空应从AC选。Or 翻译成“否则，要不然”，相当于otherwise，引起句子运用虚拟语气，主句用 would have done。10.—Any information about your son? —No.If only I ______ those tough words to him.A．didn't say
B．hadn't said C．shouldn't have said
D．couldn't have said 【解析】B if only 引起的句子要用虚拟语气。与wish跟从句用虚拟的规则一样。与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时态。
11.It is vital that we _____ act out at once to protect the environment.A.would
B.should
C.will
D.can 【解析】B It is vital/important/strange/neceary/natural…that 从句中，从句运用should跟动词原形。
12.John’s pale face suggested that he ______ill, and his parents suggested that he ______a medical examination.A.be, should have
B.was, have
C.should be, had
D.was, has 【解析】B suggest表示“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而表示“建议”时，要用should 跟动词原形的虚拟语气。根据句意可以得知，答案为B 13.But for the leadership of our Party and our Government, we __________ these splendid results.A．have achieved
B．shouldn’t have achieved C．should have achieved
D．would achieve
【解析】B but for 相当于without，可以用if 非真实条件句替换。有句意可知时发生在过去，与过去事实相反。14.--Where have you been?
--I_______in the heavy traffic.Otherwise I______here earlier.全力打造最优秀的学科网站，您的需要就是我们努力的方向！阳光教学资源网 http://www.daodoc.com 搜集，仅供学习和研究使用！
A.got stuck;would have come
B.got stuck;was C.have got stuck;would have come
D.had got stuck;would come 【解析】A 由句意得知被交通堵塞困住是发生在过去，第一空用一般过去时，排除CD，第二空为与过去事实相反，故选A 15.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.A.had scored B.scored
C.would score D.would have scored 【解析】D 这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气.【学法导航】考生在复习情态动词和虚拟语气时要注意如下几点：
1.掌握情态动词的基本用法；2.正确辨析相近意义的情态动词；3.把握常用情态动词句式； 4.学生要明确所叙述的内容不可能发生或发生的可能性很小时，要用虚拟语气；
5.把握虚拟语气的常用句式； 6.正确辨析混合时间的虚拟语气，如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。7.注意虚拟语气中的倒装句，如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, 之后
8.分清含蓄条件句，有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过用其他词来代替条件句，常见词有otherwise, or, but for 和if only等
9.掌握在表语从句，同位语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。
10.掌握口语中的虚拟语气和固定句式中的虚拟语气。
【专题综合】1.When a pencil is partly in a gla of water, it looks as if it ______.A.breaks
B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 2.But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations.A.would have paed B.would pa C.wouldn’t have paed
D.wouldn’t pa 3.I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.A.will show B.would show
C.am going to show D.am showing 4.“It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does._____.”
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A.He’d better give up drinking
B.He shouldn’t have drunk so much C.Health is more important than drink D.I wonder why he is always doing so 5.“Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.” A.do B.are
C.will D.would 6.“He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.” A.will come B.is coming
C.came D.had come 7.All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.A.should be;be operated on
B.were;must be operated on C.was;should be operated
D.was;be operated on 8.______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A.Was he given up B.Had he given up
C.Did he give D.If he gave up 9.“I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.” A.do B.did
C.had D.would 10.“Do you know his addre？” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.” A.knew, live B.knew, lives
C.know, lives D.know, lived 11.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldn’t have fallen
B.had not fallen C.should fall
D.were to fall 12.Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.A.would be freezing cold
B.will be freezing coldly C.would be frozen cold
D.can freeze coldly 13.Look at the trouble I am in!If only I _____your dvice.A.followed
B.would follow
C.had followed
D.should follow 14.----Don't you think it neceary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?----I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.A.will not be sent;that
B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what
D.should not send;what 15.If I____plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as poible.全力打造最优秀的学科网站，您的需要就是我们努力的方向！阳光教学资源网 http://www.daodoc.com 搜集，仅供学习和研究使用！
A．would
B．could
C．had to
D．ought to
16.____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you be
B.Should you be
C.Could you be D.Might you be 17.If it were not for the fact that she_______sing, I would invite her to the party.A.couldn’t
B.shouldn’t
C.can’t
D.might not 18.After hours of repair, the driver tried to start the machine but it __________ work.A.won’t
B.shouldn’t
C.wouldn’t
D.couldn’t 19.You ________ pay too much attention to your aignment, for it is that important.A.must
B.needn’t
C.cannot
D.need
20.He _________ another career, but at the time, he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school.A.might choose
B.might have chosen
C.had to choose D.must have chosen
参考答案和解析
1.【解析】C as if 引导的句子，有时用虚拟语气，有时不用。原则上说，若指事实或可能为事实，不用虚拟语气；若指现在，从句谓语动词用一般过去时（be 用 were）；若指过去用过去完成时，若指将来用过去将来时或用 were to do sth.2.【解析】C but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出与事实相反的假设，通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示与过去事实相反，故选C.3.【解析】B根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。4.【解析】D关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D.5.【解析】D 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D.6.【解析】C 按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。
7.【解析】D insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。
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8.【解析】B是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。
9.【解析】B It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。
10.【解析】B第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气（即用过去式表示现在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。
11.【解析】B 此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。12.【解析】A without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。
13.【解析】C if only 意为“,但愿，要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，用以表达愿望或非真实条件，同时根据 句意可以得知从句是与过去事实相反
14.【解析】B本题考查虚拟语气和表语从句。在It is neceary that…句型中，从句中常常用虚拟语气，其形式为“should+动词原型”，should也可以省略。第二空考查了表语从句。That没有实际的意义，只起一个连接的作用。
15.【解析】B考查虚拟语气。从主句的谓语动词及句意推测应选B。其他选项不符合题意。16.【解析】 B 本题考查了虚拟语气的倒装。如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should之后。
17.【解析】C虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气，但the fact不是与事实相反，而是现在的真实情况，故不用虚拟语气。
18.【解析】C,表示机器什么的不能工作了。是一种关于性能方面的，很固定的用法。19.【解析】C can not too...to 是词组，意思是就算怎么样也不过分。
20.【解析】B可是根据句子的意思。must have chosen 是本来肯定会------，故答案为B。
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