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Text A
Postures(体态)
Want to succeed in busine? New research reveals that your posture could be the key.Posture is the way you hold your body against gravity while standing, walking, sitting or lying down.Gravity is pulling down your body all the time while you are trying to hold it upright.Good posture involves training your body to move in a way where least preure is placed on muscles.Good or correct posture is not something you have to force upon yourself;it is the natural way your body is meant to be.Alignyour body and you will feel a positive change in you instantly.Good posture means le strain and more energy.Good or correct posture is where your body is in proper alignment, the joints and muscles are working without unneceary strain.想在商业上成功吗？新的研究表明，你的姿势可能是关键。站立，走路，坐着或躺下时，姿势是你的身体的姿势。当你试图将自己的身体保持直立时，重力一直都在拉低你的身体。良好的姿势包括训练你的身体，以一种最小压力被放置在肌肉中的方式移动。好的或正确的姿势不是你必须强迫自己的东西，它是你身体的自然方式。调整你的身体，你会立刻感觉到你的积极变化。良好的姿势意味着更少的应变和更多的能量。良好的或正确的姿势是你的身体在正确的姿势，关节和肌肉都在工作，没有不必要的应变。
You may know the rules of proper busine etiquette for verbal communication with others, but you should also know how to use your postures to send the right nonverbal meages.Once you understand the particulars of posture etiquette, you can tell others that you are confident, approachable, respectful or attentive.你可能知道正确的商务礼仪规则与他人的口头交流，但你也应该知道如何使用你的姿势来发送正确的非语言信息。一旦你了解了姿势礼仪的细节，你就可以告诉别人你是自信、平易近人、尊敬或专注的。Stance
Stance is one of the first things another person will notice about you.Communicate confidence by standing straight and maintaining your space by keeping your feet about 8 inches apart, with one slightly in front of the other.Your stance can also indicate whether you are open to being approached.If you are talking to someone and want to remain approachable, stand with your feet pointed outward rather than forming a rectangle 2 with the other person, and make eye contact with others when they approach.立场
立场是第一件事情，另一个人会注意到你。保持你的距离，保持你的脚约8英寸分开，有一个稍微在前面的另一个沟通的信心。你的立场也可以表明你是否是开放的接触。如果你和某人说话，要保持平易近人，站在你的脚上，而不是形成一个长方形2与其他人，并使眼睛接触时，他们的方法。Eyes
Making eye contact is the most obvious way to demonstrate that you are listening to somebody.When you're looking at the other person's face as he is speaking, it shows that you are listening to what he is saying.There is however a subtle difference between looking at somebody and staring at somebody so it's important that you do occasionallymove your eyes.Many busine people will say that focusing on the tip of the other person's nose ormouth seems more comfortable than staring right into their eyes if you're engaged in an intense conversation.So, whilst it's acceptable to avert your gaze every now and then to avoid showing aggreion, you should look at the person about 60% of the time to show that you're listening to them.Another interesting point is that if a person is talking to you and not looking at you whilst doing so, it can sometimes indicate that they might not be telling you the whole truth or they may be concealing something.眼睛
做目光接触是最明显的方式表明你正在听某人。当你看着别人的脸，当他在说话时，这说明你正在听他说的话。然而，有一个微妙的区别在看某人和凝视某人，所以这很重要，你做偶尔移动你的眼睛。很多商业人士都会说，如果你从事激烈的谈话，就要把重点放在别人的鼻子或嘴巴上，而不是盯着他们的眼睛看他们的眼睛。所以，虽然这是可以接受的，以避免您的目光，每一个现在，然后以避免出现侵略，你应该看看的人约60%的时间显示，你听他们。另一个有趣的问题是，如果一个人对你说话，而不是在这样做时，它可以显示，他们可能不会告诉你整个真相，或者他们可能会隐瞒一些。Gestures
Doing one thing may mean another as the case may be.These are the things that we should look out for, as it can easily give things away about both yourself and the observer.A simple touch of the nose could mean that you/they aren't being truthful.手势
做一件事可能意味着另一件事可能会被。这是我们应该寻找的东西，因为它可以很容易地把自己和观察者的东西都放在外。一个简单的鼻子接触可能意味着你/他们不是真实的。
A lot of us move our heads when we are talking to get approval from others.If you want to look powerful, then you should try to keep your head movements to a minimum.How much you show your underbelly(your front)is a way of showing how confident, secure or trusting you are.The le you cover up your underbelly with folding arms, croed legs, raised hands, etc, the more appropriate the qualities may be, Foldingyour arms may look as if you are trying to defend yourself and will look bad to the other person.If you talk to someone who originallyhas folded arms and croed legs, and perhaps turning away slight, you may like that he is uninterested in and also felling detached from your conversation.If he starts to unfold his arms, uncro his legs, etc., it may be a sign that he is accepting your iue.当我们正在讨论的时候，我们有很多人在谈论我们的头脑，以获得别人的认可。如果你想看起来很强大，那么你应该试着让你的头部运动保持最低限度。你如何展示你的腹部（前）是一种展现自信、安全或您信任。少了你掩盖你的折叠臂，腹部，双腿交叉，举起双手，等更合适的品质可以折叠你的手臂看起来好像你试图为自己辩护，看坏的人。如果你说话的人原来有双臂和双腿交叉，也许把轻微的，你可能会喜欢，他不感兴趣，也感觉从你的言谈中分离。如果他开始展开双臂，伸直双腿，等，它可能是一个迹象表明他是接受你的问题。
Another gesture that we use is called“mirroring”.You may not know it, but we are attracted by those people who are similar to ourselves.A case may be where you are with an employee to discu an iue and you both take a similar sitting/standing position.The discuion goes well, but if you had taken a different position, it may not have gone as well as it did.This gesture is often used by sales people who sit in a similar position as their customer.A common gesture is perhaps most annoying.It is known as“displacement activity” and is used to get rid of physical tension in the body.Examples of this may include nail-biting, playfng with hair, chewing gum, and teeth grinding.Grooming gesturesare those things we do to reaure ourselves.This may involve you in perfecting your hair or fiddling with your clothes, We normally do this when we are around people we don't know, and so we groom ourselves to make us look more presentable to lift our confidence.Finally, our hands are used to emphasize what we say, from pointing and saying “over there”, to waving someone away and saying“go away”.Hands that are made into a pyramid shape(fingers and thumbs on both hands touching, with palms wide apart)mean power.Jf someone sitting acro a desk from you talks to you with the pyramid gesture pointing to you, this will either be your bo, or your future bo!我们使用的另一个手势叫做“镜像”。你也许不知道，但我们却被那些与我们相似的人所吸引。一个案例可能是你与雇员讨论的问题，你都需要一个类似的坐/站立的位置。讨论进行得很顺利，但是如果你采取了不同的立场，它可能没有那么好的。这种手势通常被销售的人坐在一个类似的位置，因为他们的客户。
一个共同的姿态也许是最令人讨厌的。它被称为“置换活动”，是用来摆脱身体的身体紧张。这样的例子可能包括咬指甲、playfng头发，口香糖，和牙齿磨。
修饰手势是我们做的事情来保证自己的。这可能涉及到你在完善你的衣服你的头发或摆弄，我们通常做的是周围的人我们不知道什么时候，所以我们的新郎自己使我们看起来更像样的提升我们的信心。
最后，我们的手是用来强调我们所说的，从指向和说：“在那里”，向某人挥手说“走”。双手，被制成一个锥形形状（手指和拇指的双手触摸，与手掌宽）平均功率。如果有人坐在桌子上你和你说话的金字塔手势指向你，这是你的老板，或者你未来的老板！Distance
It's not always easy to gauge.“Personal space”is something you need to be aware of.If you're in conversation and get too close to the other person, it may make him think of you as too pushy and, conversely, standing too far away can make you appear stand-offishso you need to try to find a happy medium.Often, this will simply come naturally toyou but if you're unsure, you can often takeyourcuesfrom the otherperson-get too close and he'll step back a little, too far and then usually come towards you.距离
衡量一个人的空间是你需要知道的。如果你在谈话中，太靠近对方，这会让他觉得你太爱出风头，相反，站得太远，会使你显得冷漠，你需要找一个快乐的介质。通常，这会很自然地对你来说，但如果你不确定，你可以经常采取你的线索从另一个人离得太近，他会退后一点点，太远，然后通常走向你
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BusineBodyLanguage(商务体态语言)
Your body language, i.e.Your demeanor', impacts your succe.It's vital that you know how to act when you get to a conference.After-hours, meeting or trade show to make the most effective and efficient use of your time...And to attract those people whom you want to do busine with and add to your network.The succe of any encounter begins the moment someone lays eyes on you.One of the first things they notice about you is your aura, the distinctive atmosphere that surrounds you.You create it, and you are responsible for what it says about you and whom it attracts, Yourauraenters withyou and starts speaking long beforeyou open your mouth.Since body language conveys more than half of any meage in any face-to-face encounter, how you act is vital to your aura.你的肢体语言，即你的风度，影响你的成功。当你去一个会议的时候，你知道如何行动是至关重要的。几小时后，会议或贸易展，使您的时间最有效和高效的使用„并吸引那些你想做生意的人加入到你的网络。任何相遇的成功都是有人在注视你的时候开始的。他们注意到的第一件事就是你的光环，围绕着你的独特的氛围。你创造了它，你负责它所说的关于你和它吸引的人，你的光环进入你和开始在你张开你的嘴。因为肢体语言在任何面对面地传达了超过一半的信息，你的行为对你的光环至关重要。Eye Contact
Make it and keep it!Not only does focused eye contact display confidence on your part, it also helps you understand what the other person is really saying verbally.Looking someone in the eye as you meet and talk with him/her also shows you are paying attention.Listening, is the most important human relations skill, and good eye contact plays a large part in conveying your interest in others.When to look
Begin as soon as you engage someone in a conversation.However, you may wish to start even earlier if you are trying to get someone's attention.Continue it throughout the conversation.Be sure to maintain direct eye contact as you are saying “good-bye.”It will help leave a positive, powerful lasting impreion.Where to look
Imagine an inverted triangle in your face with the base of it just above your eyes.The other two sides descend from it and come to a point between your nose and your lips.That's the suggested area to“look at”during busine conversations.Socially, the point of thetriangle drops to include the chin and neckareas.When people look you“up and down,”it's probably more than busine or a casual social situation they have in mind!How long to look
I suggest about 80-percent of the time.Le than that can be interpreted as discomfort, evasivene, lack of confidence or boredom.When you stare longer, it canbe construed as being too direct, dominant or forceful and make the other person uncomfortable.It's okay to glance down occasionally as long as your gaze returns quickly to the other person.Avoid looking overthe other person's shoulders asif youwere seeking out someone more interesting to talk with.Facial Expreion
Smile is an important facial expreion.They show interest, excitement, empathy, concern;they create an upbeat, positive environment.Smiles can, however? be overused.Often, men smile when they are pleased;women smile to please.You know which is the most powerful!To gain and increase respect, first establish your presence in a room, then smile.It is far more profeional than to enter a room giggling or“all smiles.” Your mouth gives clues, too, and notjust when you are speaking.Mouth movements, such as pursing your lips or twisting them to one side usually indicate that you're either thinking deeply about something that's been said to you or you are holding something back.The position of your head speaks to people.Keeping your head straight, which is not the same as keeping your head on straight, will make you appear self-aured and authoritative.People will take you seriously.Tilt your head to one side if you want to come acro as friendly and openly.How receptive you are is suggested by where you place your arms.Arms croed or folded over your chest say that you have shut other people out 4 and have no interest in them or what they are saying.This position can also say,“I don't agree with you.”You might just be cold, but unle you shiver at the same time, the person in front of you may get the wrong meage.Howyou use your arms can help or hurtyour image as well.Waving them about may show enthusiasm to some, but others see this gesture as one of uncertainty and immaturity.The best place for your arms is by your side.You will look confident and relaxed.If this is hard for you, do what you always do when you want to get better at something-practice.After a while, it will feel natural.The angleof yourbodygives an indication to others aboutwhat's going throughyour head.Leaning in says,“Tell me more.”Leaning away signals you've heard enough.Text C
Non-verbalCommunication(非言语交际)
Non-verbal communication is important.It includes eye contact, facial expreion, and gestures.North Americans use eye contact in one-to-one conversations, indicating interest and respect.Meanings of body gesture differ by culture.In North America, if a person nods by moving his head up and down, it means “yes”.The same gesture in Kuwait is understood as“no”.In Germany and North America, shaking hands at the beginning and the end of a busine meeting is important.In addition to a handshake, Germans, bow and maintain strong eye contact when acknowledging aociates.Brazilians, who are religious, emotional, and mystical people, think of the body as the sender of meages.Understanding non-verbal clues is eential to understanding what is being said.Personal space is not emphasized in Brazil.It is common for people engaged in conversation to stand le than a foot apart and it would be considered rude to take a step backwards.In a Brazilian office people come in and out, and several conversations are carried on at once.People do not take turns speaking.One might interrupt conversation or speak simultaneously.This is not considered inappropriate.Brazilians also tend to linger in silence for long periods of time, a custom that makes Canadians uncomfortable.The value of talk versus silence in a conversation varies greatly depending on the culture.For instance, in comparison to European and Americans, Asians are much more taciturn, or reluctant to talk.An Asian is more likely to use indirect expreion to convey an intended meaning.Silence itself may be a very important meage.For the Japanese, the silence between two utterances in a conversation belongs to the previous speaker, who indicates how long the silence should continue.Thelistener should show respect to the previous speaker's wish for silence,especially if the speaker is older or of higher status than the listener.Unlike verbal communication, non-verbal communication is very unique among cultures.For effective intercultural communication, using approrpiate non-verbal communication is even more critical than just using a fluent foreign language.III.Read the following article and finish the practice.Gestures, Eye Contact and Space
Gestures that have positive connotations in one culture may have negative meanings in another.For example, the Vfor victorygesture is positive inthe United States and in many cultures;in England however, when the palm is facing in the gesture has a crude connotation.The thumbs-up signal is another positive gesture in North America but is rude in Australia and West Africa.Likewise, the OK sign, though positive in the United States, is viewed as obscene in Brazil.In Belgium andFrance, be meaning is “worthle”or“zero ,”while in Japan, the gesture means money.The beckoning gesture(finger upturned, palmfacing the body;the hand iswaved backand forth)should be used With discretion;it is offensive to Filipinos, Mexicans, and Vietnamese.The gesture is used to summon people considered inferior, such as prostitutes.Because cultures vary widely in their use of gestures, learning a culture's common gestures is recommended before visiting the country.At the very minimum, it is important to know that people of China, England, Japan, Germany, and Switzerland use few gestures, while people of France, Greece, Italy, Spain, as well as people in Middle Eastern countries and most countries of Central America, are expreive in their gesturing.Watch what gestures the people in the country use, avoid the use of gestures unle the meaning is known.Eye contact is important in the U.S, and Canadian macro-cultures;eye contact implies attentivene, respect, truthfulne, and self-confidence.However, a steady, unbroken gaze makes most U.S.people uncomfortable.People of France, Germany, the Middle East, and some Latin Americancountriesfavorprolonged eye contact.On theother hand, people in many Asian countries, specifically China and Japan, are uncomfortable with direct eye contact and tend to direct their gaze just below the other person's chin.Likewise, people in China's Taiwan prefer minimum eye contact and often look away.Space and touch are two important types of nonverbal communication that are closely related.For example，U.S.people need their space;they also prefer to avoid touching, with the exception of shaking hands.Likewise, Canadians and the Dutch value their personal space and do not touch during greetings and conversations.People of Japan and Southeast Asia stand even farther apart than U.S.people and are uncomfortable with touching.On the other hand, people of Latin America, the Middle East, and some Asian countries(e.g., Korea), stand close while talking;they often touch each other during greetings and conversations.People from cultures that need a lot of space should not step backwhen interacting with peoplefromcultures whopreferto stand close to avoid giving offense.胜利的姿态是积极的，在美国和在许多文化中；在英国，但是，当手掌面对的手势有一个粗略的内涵。拇指向上的信号是另一个积极的姿态，在美国北部，但在澳大利亚和西非是粗鲁的。同样的，在美国，虽然积极的标志，被认为是在巴西的淫秽。在比利时和法国，意义是“毫无价值”或“零”，而在日本，这一手势意味着金钱。的召唤的姿势（手指上翘，掌心朝身体；手来回挥舞着）应谨慎使用；这是冒犯的菲律宾人，墨西哥人和越南。这种手势被用来召唤人们被认为是低劣的，例如妓女。
