北京外国语大学高级翻译学院入学考试备用试卷参考译文由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“北外高级翻译学院”。
2010年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院入学考试备用试卷参考译文
（汉译英部分）
李长栓
按：阅卷之前，院长让我作参考译文。到了阅卷现场，却发现考试用的是另外一套卷子（研究生处的保密工作做得好啊！）。无论如何，既然做了，就不要浪费。这里公布出来，供大家做备考练习用。
三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）
气候变化对中国农业生产、粮食安全、经济发展、生态保护、水资源利用、公共健康保障都将带来重大威胁。积极应对气候变化是中国实现可持续发展的内在要求。中国正处在全面建设小康社会的关键时期, 处于工业化、城镇化加快发展的重要阶段,发展经济和减缓气候变化任务十分繁重。在目前的发展阶段,能源结构以煤为主,经济结构性矛盾仍然突出,增长方式依然粗放,能源资源利用效率较低,能源需求还将继续增长,控制温室气体排放面临巨大压力和特殊困难。（209字）
译文：
Climate change [1]will pose serious challenges to China's food production[2], economic development, ecological conservation, exploitation of water resources and public health, and must be effectively addreed for sustainable development.On the other hand[3], this is the crucial stage to achieving the country’s target of a complete-xiaokang society[4], during which faster industrialisation and urbanisation is neceary.China is therefore faced with the double challenge of growth and mitigation[5].In addition[6], dependence on coal as the main energy source, energy intensive growth and low energy efficiency will trigger greater energy demand, and emiion control will become an even[7] greater challenge.四、将下列短文译为英语（50分）
经济危机促使美国的年轻人重返校园
通常来说，如果有一桩生意在经济危机时期提高价格，那么定会丧失其顾客。但是这一法则对美国的大学来说却毫不适用，它们在提高学费的同时却招来了史无前例的众多报名者。就拿乔治亚技术学院系统来说，其28个校区中从电力维修专业到牙科卫生专业均大幅增加了学费，但学生人数却比一年前增加了24%。一位发言人说，校园里的停车位已经满得“使我们不得不将车停到养牛的牧场里”。
全国的大学新生注册率已经达到了迄今最高水平。在十月份，18到24岁的青年人中有41%的人或是在两年制的学院（提供职业培训）注册，或是向四年制（可以授予本科学位）或更高级别的大学报名，而在一年前这一数字为39%。然而与此同时学费却平均上升了4%到7%。（307字）
译文：
Economic Crisis Sends Americans Back to School As a general rule, abusine loses its customers if it raises prices during an economic crisis.But this rule does not apply to American universities, where increased tuition fees have attracted an unprecedented number of applications.The Georgia Institute of Technology, for instance, has increased its intake by 24 per cent over the previous year acro all 28 campuses, from electrical maintenance to dental health, despite higher tuition fees.According to the university’s spokesperson, campus parking areas are so crowded that “even the cattle farm has to be used for parking.” Registration rate of new students is the highest in the country’s history.In October, 41 per cent of young persons between 18 and 24 were either enrolled in two-year colleges(for vocational training)or four-year universities(for undergraduate degree), or even higher institutions of learning.Last year’s figure was 39 per cent.Meanwhile, tuition fees have increased by 4-7% on average.（李长栓）
[1] 汉译英考试，考查的是学生的英文表达能力。要从整体上看学生的英语能力。能够不拘泥于原文字句，准确、灵活、地道地表达原文意思的，是上好译文。不要因为学生没有译出某个单词扣分。
[2] 粮食生产和粮食安全（保障）是一回事。如有同学省略任何一个，不扣分。[3] 有转折关系，增加on the other hand。如有同学看出来，是加分因素。[4] 如解释，就是a society of modest means for all.使用官方译法的（如a moderately prosperous society, a relatively well-off society等，也可以；用参考译文的译法，说明学生思考了，是加分因素。用拼音的，不扣分。[5] 在气候变化中，提及mitigation，就是减缓气候变化。译文仅使用这个词，不加of climate change,不扣分。简洁明了的，是加分因素。[6] 有递进关系，增加in addition。看出来的，是加分因素。[7] 递进关系。能看出递进关系的，是加分因素。分享
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流浪在英国的熊2010-06-28 22:36:55 [举报]
好难，好多的专业术语。看来想学翻译，真是路漫漫其修远兮。努力看书吧，首先能被录取时当务之急
一天到晚拉磨的牛2010-07-20 12:51:22 [举报]
今天我又栓了。
中国全能英语第一人2010-08-05 00:06:40 [举报]
It does not matter where you received your education , waht matters is what you have really gained!
新浪网友2010-09-12 23:37:08 [举报]
李老师，您好！
我今天翻了一下《经济危机促使美国的年轻人重返校园》，能请您过目一下，并提点建议吗？下面是我翻的：
Economic crisis pushes American youth back to campus
In general, if one busine increases its price during the crisis, it will definitely lose its customers.However, this rule does not work at all to the universities in the US.The rising tuition fee does not fear away applicants who, instead, spring in an unprecedented number.Take Georgia technical college as an example, while 28 campuses has raised its tuition fee sharply, including in majors like power maintenance and dental health, the number of students increases by 24% compared with the previous year.“There’s no parking space on campus now, and we have to park in a cattle farm.” said a spokesman.In the whole country, freshman registration rate has,so far, reached a record high.In October, while 41% of the youth between 18 and 24 either apply for the two-year colleges(providing on-the-job training), or the 4-year ones(granting a bachelor’s degree), or even those prestigious universities, the rate one year ago was 39%.In the meantime, the fee has yet risen by 4-7% on average.博主回复：2010-09-13 19:27:30
大家来集体发表一些意见吧！我最近比较忙。不好意思。
jenny2010-09-12 23:47:47 [举报]
刚才发的右边的部分显示不出来，我就注册了一个帐号，看看这样能不能显示出来。Economic crisis pushes American youth back to campus In general, if one busine increases its price during the crisis, it will definitely lose its customers.However, this rule does not work at all to the universities in the US.The rising tuition fee does not fear away applicants who, instead, spring in an unprecedented number.Take Georgia technical college as an example, while 28 campuses has raised its tuition fee sharply, including in majors like power maintenance and dental health, the number of students increases by 24% compared with the previous year.“There’s no parking lot on campus now, and we have to park in a cattle farm.” said a spokesman.In the whole country, freshman registration rate has reached a record high so far.In October, while 41% of the youth between 18 and 24 either apply for the two-year colleges(providing on-the-job training), or the 4-year ones(granting a bachelor’s degree), or even those prestigious universities, the rate one year ago was 39%.In the meantime, the fee has yet risen by 4-7% on average.
淬火2010-09-23 16:48:05 [举报]
李老师怎么不发考试用卷子的翻译参考译文咧，强烈请求呵
博主回复：2010-09-23 17:07:56 考卷的翻译方法与其他文章没有任何区别。真正的翻译做好了，试卷就会做好。试卷有什么神秘？不过是临时到网上或别的地方找篇文章罢了。有些同学热衷于做真题，搞模拟，而不是静下心来提高自己的英文和中文水平，实在是本末倒置。所以，除非你们问到试卷里的某个问题，我不会主动提供完整的参考译文。
新浪网友2010-09-27 09:19:06 [举报]
李老师，您好，在您的博客上看到了您给出的高翻真题参考译文，真的不胜感激，同时也为您的译文水平所折服，简洁明了而又准确地道，从而对高翻考试翻译标准有了一些了解，谢谢您。关于这一段：
全国的大学新生注册率已经达到了迄今最高水平。在十月份，18到24岁的青年人中有41%的人或是在两年制的学院（提供职业培训）注册，或是向四年制（可以授予本科学位）或更高级别的大学报名，而在一年前这一数字为39%。然而与此同时学费却平均上升了4%到7%。
我的翻译是这样的：（其中有对您的翻译的参考）
Despite that tuition fees of American colleges have increased by 4-7% on average, the nationwide college freshmen registration rate this year has hit a record high.By October, students that have registered in two-year colleges(for vocational training)or four-year universities(for undergraduate degree), or ever higher institutions of learning accounted for 41% of youngsters between 18 and 24, a 2% increase over the previous year.我的考虑是，最后一句和前面的部分是作为对比出现的，有转折的意思，既是这样可否把它提到最前面，以免译文头重脚轻？
一点拙见，不自量力，希望老师见谅。
博主回复：2010-09-28 00:16:23 可以。逻辑很通顺。
就像同一个意思不同的人有不同的表达方法一样，翻译从来没有唯一的翻译，也从来没有权威的翻译。你要清楚表达意思，符合语言习惯，都是好的译文。
新浪网友2010-09-28 22:09:53 [举报]
谢谢老师^_^
新浪网友2010-09-30 21:19:35 [举报]
我也做了，距离不小啊。马上就要考试了，心里挺没底。老师能公开操作性强的评分细则吗？我们老师说，考试时，一定要扣原文，否则容易将自己的想法强加于原文，阅卷老师在阅卷时也没有时间斟酌考生的发挥。但在《非文》里我发现许多译文都不够“扣原文”（当然，试题和书中例子还是不尽相同）。老师怎么看待这个问题？
博主回复：2010-10-01 09:39:36
考试的最大缺陷，是不让查资料，所以遇到不懂的地方、不会说的地方，你们只能凭自己的想象编造，也不知道说得对不对，所以只能是尽力而为。这种瞎子摸象的考试方式可以考察一个人的知识积累，但无法考察一个人解决问题的技能。我是不赞成的。我主张可以任意查资料，但我想不会有人支持我。
根据我的经验，大多数人对翻译的理解都是错误的。死扣字面的翻译是我们反对的翻译方法。但离开字面并不意味着违背原意。《非文》中的翻译，你认为违背原意了吗？也许别的院校那样要求（机械翻译），但北外高翻的老师，都是专业翻译，都知道什么是好的英文（中文）。灵活但不违背原意的翻译，会让人耳目一新，是加分的因素。
我无需公布详细的评分准则，不外乎是一个语法错误扣几分，一个理解错误扣几分，搭配不对扣几分，用词不当扣几分，结构不顺扣几分，等等。总之，我们主要看译者的理解水平和语言运用能力。对于按结构死译的，哪个老师都不会给高分。
新浪网友2010-10-05 13:06:13 [举报]
我也很赞成李老师的观点。后来我又咨询了一位学姐（她现在在北外学MTI，也是“扣原文”杨老师的学生），并将我最近做的一篇翻译（该翻译是在“扣原文”的要求下写的）给她看了，她也支持杨老师的观点。以下是我和她的对话。
我：学姐不觉得杨老师“扣原文”的观点和《非文》有矛盾吗？学姐是怎样理解“扣原文”的？
学姐：我看了下你的翻译，知道了杨老师为什么这样说你。你还没有完全看懂原文的情况下就译当然会不扣原文。有的地方你还加了自己的错误理解，这就更不应该。
我：学姐能帮我指出有问题的地方后再发过来吗？是加了些，特别是最后一段，因为我觉得照原样翻不够清楚，所以就。。
可能是学姐太忙了，后来就没音讯了。但我又是个比较固执的人，没有说服我，我断然不能接受。所以我有一个不情之请，希望李老师能帮我看看我的译文，指出我的不足。（备考时挺盲目的，做翻译，再做分析，想有自己的原则，但又一次次被老师挑战，迷茫啊）
新浪网友2010-10-05 13:06:39 [举报]
我接受中国的美学之前，已经明白中国的农夫和劳动人民，比病态的、颓废的上层阶级要诱人得多，不仅在外表上是这样，而且在心理上也是如此。对于这一点，大多数外国人有着强烈的同感。上层阶级不仅鄙视体力劳动，甚至连用自己的两只脚走路也感到不大光彩，更不用说参加体育运动、参加锻练了。这些弱不禁风、病病殃殃的青年画家，决不可能会到乡下去，锻练其筋骨，培养其所缺乏的“感知力”。六十年代，毛泽东就要求所有学生，至少从事两年或三年体力劳动。但是在三十年代，左翼艺术家们正在跨越中国知识分子与工人阶级之间的鸿沟——如果还没有付诸实践，在思想上也是这么做的。马克思主义歌颂劳动，不仅因为劳动是生产性的，而且也因为劳动从美学角度看是美好的。在十七世纪，清教的教义曾具有同样的理念。
当我1937 年到了延安的时候，我很难说清楚为什么每一个人都显得那么迷人、那么可亲可爱，而我曾经见到过的其他许多中国人却精神卑鄙、残忍、令人厌恶。我那时甚至还不晓得charisma 这个词，然而这正是他们每个人都具有的那种气质——如果没有这种气质，他就决不会幸存，决不会在数以万计的敬仰者、拥护者之中树立起领导地位。
当我设法解决美学原理的时候，横在我面前的却是一个将整个中国文化捆绑在一起的难解之结。即使在今天，这一点仍不为许多东方艺术馆馆长和专家们所理解，其根本原因，至今对他们是一个谜，因为他们从不研究人类学，对人类学‘讨人嫌的’特点深为反感。他们轻视中国“社会主义的现实主义”，没有认识到这比马克思主义传到中国以前的死搬硬套前进了千万里。我喜欢1972 年的中国艺术，因为我没有忘记一切可怕的问题。当西方人为他的艺术而面临杀头危险的时候，他才有资格批判当代中国的作品。当然，中国的现代艺术，仍面临着一次长征。
***-10-05 13:32:22 [举报]
When I tried to settle down the principles of Chinese aesthetics（Chinese是加的内容，因为我有疑问，是中国美学，还是单指美学，如果单指美学，这和后面的中国文化又有什么关系？）, however, right in front of me was a knot so perplexing with every elements of Chinese culture involved.Even until today, the hardship（the hardship也是加的，因为原文我觉得指代不清，我就根据自己的理解......）I experienced was not understood by many curators of oriental arts and experts.To them, the reason behind still counts an enigma as they never study the “annoying” anthropology, against which they get merely aversion.Thinking little of China's Realistic Socialism, they fail to recognize its advancement compared with the mechanical application of theories before Marxism was introduced in.Though in favour of Chinese artworks of 1972, I never forget those horrors facing Chinese artists(facing Chinese artists还是加的).Westerners therefore are not qualified to criticize China's contemporary artworks unle they have to risk their life for arts, though, of course, China's contemporary arts still has a “Long March”（本来想用long way的，但想了想，还是扣原文好了）to go.博主回复：2010-10-05 15:13:01
我想我明白了你“扣原文”的意思：是否用原文的表达方法。回答是：用或不用，取决于1）译文读者能否理解；2）用了之后，译文读者的理解，是否和原文读者的理解一致；3）用原文的说法，是否符合译文习惯（比如，小孩喊的是“爸爸”，你非让他喊“家父”，虽然可以理解，但不符合译文习惯。）如果译者不知道译文读者能否理解，不知道译文读者和原文读者理解是否一致，不知道译文是否符合语言习惯，就说明译者对译入语的把握还不足以做翻译。
***-10-05 13:41:43 [举报]
Before I accepted Chinese aesthetics, it was already clear to me that Chinese peasants and labor workers were far more attractive than their weak and degenerated upper-cla counterparts for not only their appearances, but also their souls.This view was met by the strong consent of most foreigners.Contemptuous of physical works, the upper-cla even thought it a shame to walk on their own, not to mention any sports or exercises.You, therefore, could never expect those weak young artists from the upper-cla to build up their bodies and foster the sensibility they lacked in the countryside.During Mao Zedong's presidency in the 1960s, however, all students were required at least two to three years' physical works.1930s was a period when left-wing artists tried to overcome the gap between Chinese intellectuals and the working cla, though their efforts were more ideological than practical.Marxism speaks highly of work for not only its productivity, but also its aesthetic beauty, a similar philosophy enshrined in the doctrine of Puritanism in the 17th Century.
***-10-05 13:42:05 [举报]
When I arrived in Yan'an in1937, I found it hard to explain why every person there was so charming, friendly and lovely, totally different from those evil, cruel, despicable Chinese I met before.Though not knowing the word “charisma” at that time, I had found such quality in everyone of them, without which they could hardly survive and establish their leadership with the respect and support from the millions.
新浪网友2010-10-05 13:55:57 [举报]
Before I accepted Chinese aesthetics, it was already clear to me that Chinese peasants and labor workers were far more attractive than their weak and degenerated upper-cla counterparts for not only their appearances, but also their souls.This view was met by the strong consent of most foreigners.Contemptuous of physical works, the upper-cla even thought it a shame to walk on their own, not to mention any sports or exercises.You, therefore, could never expect those weak young artists from the upper-cla to build up their bodies and foster the sensibility they lacked in the countryside.During Mao Zedong's presidency in the 1960s, however, all students were required at least two to three years' physical works.1930s was a period when left-wing artists tried to overcome the gap between Chinese intellectuals and the working cla, though their efforts were more ideological than practical.Marxism speaks highly of work for not only its productivity, but also its aesthetic beauty, a similar philosophy enshrined in the doctrine of Puritanism in the 17th Century.
新浪网友2010-10-05 13:56:22 [举报]
When I tried to settle down the principles of Chinese aesthetics（Chinese是加的内容，因为我有疑问，是中国美学，还是单指美学，如果单指美学，这和后面的中国文化又有什么关系？）, however, right in front of me was a knot so perplexing with every elements of Chinese culture involved.Even until today, the hardship（the hardship也是加的，因为原文我觉得指代不清，我就根据自己的理解......）I experienced was not understood by many curators of oriental arts and experts.To them, the reason behind still counts an enigma as they never study the “annoying” anthropology, against which they get merely aversion.Thinking little of China's Realistic Socialism, they fail to recognize its advancement compared with the mechanical application of theories before Marxism was introduced in.Though in favour of Chinese artworks of 1972, I never forget those horrors facing Chinese artists(facing Chinese artists还是加的).Westerners therefore are not qualified to criticize China's contemporary artworks unle they have to risk their life for arts, though, of course, China's contemporary arts still has a “Long March”（本来想用long way的，但想了想，还是扣原文好了）to go.博主回复：2010-10-05 15:00:47 有几点看法：
1.原文我不能够完全理解，因为我不知道所有的W。在这种情况下，我不会下笔翻译。2.但看你的英文翻译，还是有不少地方看不懂，尤其是最后一段。看不懂，或者是我不理解背景，或者是英文表达不够贴切、连贯。
3.英文还不能完全消除语法错误、搭配错误等低级错误，如physical works（work不可数）。4.增词和减词，是理解之后重新表达的自然结果。译者根本意识不到自己增加或减少了词。只是在对比原文和译文之后，才会发现两者并不对应。所以，不要提增词、减词法。增词、减词不是方法，是按译文习惯写作的结果。
5.翻译不是基于译者个人的理解，而是基于原作的意思。如果自己不敢肯定自己的理解是否符合原作的意思，就要通过上下文、文本之外的背景知识来检验。未经检验的理解，仅仅是假设；基于假设的翻译，也很可能是不准确的翻译。
6.这篇文章对你来说，太难了。不阅读作者的作品、研究作者的生平，有些地方很难理解。不理解，就无法翻译。
7.如果你发现我的观点和别的书里面的观点不一致，那很自然。很多人的观点是错误的。我的观点也不一定正确。只要有相反的证据（例子）证明我的观点是错误的，我欣然接受。8.汉译英关键的是英文水平。尽管知道你备考心急如焚，但真正提高英文水平，不能靠翻译。9.我想杨老师所说的扣原文，是说扣紧原文的意思，而不是与原文相比，一字不漏。这与我说的透彻理解原文，完全一致。祝你好运。
邓邓2010-10-21 20:01:51 [举报]
老师，那个第一篇翻译里面，有一句话是“在目前的发展阶段，能源结构以煤为主，经济结构性矛盾仍然突出，增长方式依然粗放，能源利用率较低......”，对照了一下您给出的答案“In addition，dependence on coal as the main energy source, energy intensive growth and low energy efficiency will tirgger greater energy demand”
没有看到“经济结构性矛盾依然突出”的翻译，是不是“增长方式依然粗放，能源利用率较低”就是经济结构性矛盾的表现啊？
我自己也翻了，然后翻译的和您翻译的句子结构不是太一样，不知道逻辑关系是不是正确的，我把“经济结构性矛盾依然突出”翻译了，我的理解是”经济结构性矛盾依然是个严重的问题”不知道这样理解是不是正确的?而且我觉得自己翻译的很罗嗦
While, at the present development stage, the coal is still the main energy resource, economic structure contradiction will continue as a serious problem, extensive economic growth will go on, and the exploitation of energy is at low efficiency.All these will cause a greater increase of energy demands„.谢谢老师~~ 博主回复：2010-10-21 23:30:41 参考译文可能是综合考虑上下文的结果。
你的翻译问题还很多。例如：while不能单独成句；冠词的用法；搭配：extensive growth是什么意思？英文是否存在？exploitation...low efficiency是否见过？凡是没有见过的，都是假设，需要检验。你自己再查查吧。
邓邓2010-10-22 16:31:12 [举报]
哦，谢谢老师
我把原文中的“增长方式依然粗放”理解为“中国的经济增长方式粗放型经济增长方式”，后来在网上搜了下，看到有extensive economic growth 这个说法，所以就用了
博主回复：2010-10-23 07:39:24
网上虽有，但要看是否权威。即使中国、苏联用过，但英美人是否用过；即使英美人学者用过，是否可以被普通人理解。如果不能，是否需要用更通俗的说法。
邓邓2010-10-23 20:07:55 [举报]
哦，明白了，谢谢老师~
新浪网友2010-11-04 18:44:40 [举报]
李老师 您好 关注您的博客很久了 今天冒昧给您留言 请多多包涵 对于第二篇短文的翻译我有一点小小的疑问
“但是这一法则对美国的大学来说却毫不适用，它们在提高学费的同时却招来了史无前例的众多报名者。” “ where increased tuition fees have attracted an unprecedented number of applications” 关于这句中的“attract”
我觉得并不是“tuition fee” 招来了众多报名者 而应该是universities attracted an unprecedented number of applications despite increased tuition fees 学生愚见 若有冒犯之处 还请老师原谅
博主回复：2010-11-04 18:54:50
你说得对，不是tuition fee招来，而是increased tuition fees反而招来。译文理解没错。
新浪网友2010-11-23 21:18:37 [举报]
李老师，您好。您能大致点评一下我的译文吗？临近考试了，心里一点谱也没有。就请老师大致说说有什么问题就好。谢谢您。
Higher price attracts fewer consumers, a rule generally true in aneconomic crisis.However, it does not apply to American universities.They increasedtheir tuition fees only to find unprecedented enrollment.Take the Georgia Instituteof Technology.It raised tuition for majors from electrical repair andmaintenance to dental sciences among 28 campuses, but enrolled 24% more studentscompared with last year.A spokesman said that campus parking lots were so fullthat “that we got them parking in cow pastures”.Acrothe country, registration for new students reached an all-time high.In October,41% of the young people aged 18 to 24 registered either for two-year colleges(vocationaltraining program), or for four-year universities(undergraduate program)andother higher institutes, while a year ago, the registration was only 39%.This happenedwhen tuition fees rose on average by 4% to 7%.再次向老师致谢。
博主回复：2010-11-23 23:30:04 可以接受。
