《美国文学史》各章节知识点指南由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“美国文学史知识点梳理”。
《美国文学史》各章节知识点指南 时间：2011年2月 使用教材：《美国文学史》（第二版）常耀信著 Chapter 1 Colonial America ★ 1607 Jamestown, Virginia：the first permanent English settlement in America
★ 1620 Plymouth, Maachusetts: the second permanent English settlement in America ★ Captain John Smith: the first American writer writing in English ★ Anne Bradstreet: the first American woman poet
Major work: The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America(1650)
Contemplations(9)on P.17（熟悉这首诗歌）
To My Dear and Loving Husband《致我亲爱的丈夫》 ★ Philis Wheatley: the first black woman poet in American literature ★ Edward Taylor: the most famous poet in the colonial period
Huswifery on P.19（熟悉这首诗歌）
★ Roger Williams: The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience(1644)
Translated the Bible into the Indian tongue ★ John Winthrop: “Model of Christian Charity”（〈基督慈善之典范〉）The History of New England(two volumes, 1825, 1826)
(〈新英格兰史〉)1630---1649 in diary
★ Thomas Paine: Common Sense, The American Crisis, The Rights of Man, The Age of Reason ★ Philip Freneau: Poet of the American Revolution
The Wild Honeysuckle, The Indian Burying Ground, The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi
★ Charles Brockden Brown: the first important American novelist
Wieland, Edgar Huntly, Ormond, Aurthur Mervyn Chapter 2 Edwards, Franklin, Crevecoeur the 18th century: Age of Reason and Enlightenment Jonathan Edwards: America’s first systematic philosopher
The Freedom of the Will, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard’s Almanac 熟悉37页的引文
Hector St.John de Crevecoeur: Letters from an American Farmer Chapter 3 American Romanticism, Irving, Cooper Washington Irving: the first American writer to win international acclaim
The Sketch Book: Rip Van Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow James Fenimore Cooper: Leatherstocking Tales(五个故事的题目)
Natty Bumpo(人物形象)Chapter 4 New England Transcendentalism, Emerson, Thoreau Ralph Waldo Emerson: Nature(the Bible and manifesto of New England Transcendentalism)
The American Scholar(America’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence)Henry David Thoreau: Walden, or Life in the Woods Chapter 5 Hawthorne, Melville Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter, Twice-Told Tales, The House of the Seven Gables,The Blithedale Romance, The Marble Faun, Young Goodman Brown Herman Melville: Moby Dick, Omoo, Mardi, Redburn, White Jacket, Pierre Chapter 6 Whitman, Dickinson Walt Whitman: Leaves of Gra;free verse;Song of Myself Emily Dickinson: Of the 1775 poems, only 7 poems were published in her lifetime.熟悉教材中98至102页所选的诗歌 Chapter 7 Edgar Allan Poe ★ Edgar Allan Poe: The Fall of the House of Usher, The Philosophy of Composition, The Poetic Principle, The Raven，To Helen 熟悉教材中107页所选的The Raven中的部分诗行 Chapter 8 The Age of Realism, Howells, James William Dean Howells: The Rise of Silas Lapham, Criticism and Fiction Henry James: important writings listed on P.125
the international theme Chapter 9 Local Colorism, Mark Twain Hamlin Garland: Crumbling Idols, Veritism(真实主义)Bret Harte: The Luck of Roaring Camp Mark Twain: 主要作品, vernacular literature, colloquial style Harriet Beecher Stowe 斯托夫人& her Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》 Louisa May Alcott 路易莎·梅·奥尔科特& her Little Women 《小妇人》 Kate Chopin 凯特·肖班& her The Awakening 《觉醒》
Chapter 10 American Naturalism, Crane, Norris, Dreiser, Robinson Stephen Crane: Maggie: A Girl of the Streets(the first naturalistic novel in American
literature), The Red Badge of Courage(the first anti-war novel in American literature),Famous short stories: The Open Boat, The Bride Comes to the Yellow Sky Frank Norris: The Octopus, McTeague Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie, Jennie Gerhardt, the Desire Trilogy, The Genius Edwin Arlington Robinson: Richard Cory Jack London: The Call of the Wild, White Fang, The Sea Wolf, Martin Eden O.Henry(William Sidney Porter): famous for his short stories such as The Gift of the Magi Upton Sinclair: The Jungle, the Muckraking Movement Chapter 11 The 1920s, Imagism, Pound The first American Renaiance: the first half of the 19th century The second Renaiance: the 1920s The three principles of the Imagist Poetry 熟悉四首意象派诗歌：In a Station of the Metro, Oread, The Red Wheelbarrow, Fog, 并会分析其中的第一和第四首
Ezra Pound: The Cantos, Hugh Selwyn Mauberley Chapter 12 T.S.Eliot, Stevens, Williams T.S.Eliot: The Waste Land（五个部分的题目）, The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock 其他主要作品
founder of New Criticism: depersonalization, objective correlative William Carlos Williams: Paterson Chapter 13 Frost, Sandburg, Cummings, Hart Crane, Moore ★ Robert Frost: New England poet, lyrical poet, the unofficial poet laureate, won the Pulitzer Prize four times
The Road Not Taken(熟悉此诗), Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, Mending Wall, Apple-picking > Carl Sandburg: Fog, The Harbor(two famous Imagist poems)E.E.Cummings: the most interesting experimentalist in modern American poetry Hart Crane: The Bridge Chapter 14 Fitzgerald, Hemingway ★ F.Scott Fitzgerald: the spokesman of the Jazz Age
The Great Gatsby Ernest Hemingway: Hemingway hero with “grace under preure”, the iceberg principle
“I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg.There is seven-eights of it under water for every part that shows.Anything you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg.It is the part that doesn’t show.”冰山运动之雄伟壮观，是因为它只有八分之一在水面上。水底的部分占整座冰山的八分之七。主要作品
The Old Man and the Sea won him the 1954 Nobel Prize for literature.Chapter 15 The Southern Renaiance, William Faulkner William Faulkner: Yoknapatawpha County(his fictional kingdom)主要作品（见教材）
Chapter 16 Anderson, Stein, Lewis, Cather, Wolfe Sherwood Anderson: Winesburg, Ohio, colloquial style Gertrude Stein: The Autobiography of Alice B.Toklas, Three Lives
“You are all a lost generation.”(To Hemingway)
Sinclair Lewis: the first American author to win the Nobel Prize for literature(in 1930)
Main Street, Babbit Willa Cather: My Antonia Thomas Wolfe: Look Homeward, Angel Chapter 17 The 1930s, Dos Paos, Steinbeck John Dos Paos: U.S.A.John Steinbeck: The Grapes of Wrath(Joad family);Nobel Prize for literature in 1962 and Pulitzer Prize winner for fiction Chapter 18 Porter, Welty, McCullers, West, The New Criticism Katherine Anne Porter: The Flowering Judas, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall Eudora Welty: Death of a Traveling Salesman Carson McCullers: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, The Ballad of the Sad Café Nathanael West: Mi Lonelyhearts Chapter 19 American Drama ★ Eugene O’Neill: America’s greatest playwright so far, Pulitzer Prize winner four times, Nobel Prize Winner in 1936, 美国戏剧之父
The Emperor Jones, The Hairy Ape ★ Susan Glaspell: mother of American drama
Trifles Tenneee Williams 田纳西·威廉姆斯：P.301 在美国戏剧史上地位仅次于Eugene O’Neil The Gla Menagerie 《玻璃动物园》The Streetcar Named Desire Arthur Miller 亚瑟·米勒：P.305
Death of a Salesman 《推销员之死》 Edward Albee爱德华·阿尔比：P.313
Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 《谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫》 The Theater of the Absurd 荒诞派戏剧：P.313 Chapter 20 Postwar Poetry, Poets of the 1940s Generation Postmodernism 后现代主义：P.320 Elizabeth Bishop毕晓普：P.327 后现代主义时期传统型女性诗人 Chapter 21 The Confeional School, The Beat Generation The Confeional School 自白派诗歌: P.356 Three representatives: Robert Lowell & his Life Studies 《人生探索》P.357
Sylvia Plath 西尔维娅·普拉斯& her poem Daddy《老爸》，The Bell Jar 《钟形罩/瓶中美人》（自传体小说，美国青少年的必读书）P.364
Anne Sexton安妮·塞克斯顿 The Beat Generation 垮掉的一代：P.373 Three representatives: Allen Ginsberg爱伦·金斯堡(垮掉一代的奠基者)& his Howl《嚎叫》（垮掉一代的宣言书）P.374 & P.P.376-83.Jack Kerouac 杰克·凯鲁阿克& his On the Road《在路上》P.374
William Burroughs 威廉·巴罗斯& his Naked Lunch《裸体午餐》P.374 Chapter 22 The New York School, Meditative Poetry,The Black Mountain Poets New York School 纽约派（后现代主义时期的一个诗歌流派）: P.393 Representative: Frank O’Hara 弗兰克·欧哈拉& his Lunch Poems 《午餐诗》P.394 The Black Mountain Poets黑山派诗人（此诗歌流派的名称来源于北卡罗来纳Asheville的黑山学院，流派内的诗人多为该学院的教师）P.408 Representative: Charles Olson查尔斯·奥尔逊 P.409 Chapter 23 Postwar American Novel(I)(传统型小说)美国犹太文学P.P.429-48 Representatives：Saul Bellow索尔·贝娄(1915 – 2005)PP.429-36
1976 Nobel Prize winner(P.430)
Best work: Herzog《赫索格》
Norman Mailer诺尔曼·梅勒（1923 – 2007）P.P.436-41
Best work: The Naked and the Dead《裸者与死者》（反战小说）
J.D.Salinger
J.D.塞林格（1919-1-1 – 2010-1-27）P.P.441-44
Best work: The Catcher in the Rye 《麦田里的守望者》（美国青少年的必读书）
Bernard Malamud 伯纳德·马拉默德 P.P.444-48
Best work: The Aistant《店员/伙计》
Philip Roth 菲利普·罗斯
Best work: Goodbye, Columbus《再见吧，哥伦布》 John Updike(1932 – 2009)约翰·厄普代克 P.P.448-52
Best work: Rabbit pentalogy《兔子》五部曲 P.448 南方文学：P.P.454-63 Representatives: Flannery O’Connor 弗莱娜莉·奥康纳 P.P.454-58 Best work: A Goodman Is Hard to Find《好人难寻》
William Styron 威廉·斯泰伦（1925 – 2006）P.P.458-62
Best work: Sophie’s Choice《苏菲的选择》 女性文学：Joyce Carol Oates 乔伊斯·卡洛尔·奥茨 P.P.465-68
Best work: Them《他们》 Chapter 24 Postwar American Novel(II)（新型小说）
★荒诞派/黑色幽默小说 Black Humor/novels of the absurd
P.474
Representative: Joseph Heller 约瑟夫·海勒 P.P.476-481
Best work: Catch-22 《第二十二条军规》
（Catch-22已成为词典中的一个词条，意为“不合情理的处境，叫人左右为难的情况，难以逾越的障碍”）
Kurt Vonnegut 库特·冯尼格特（1922 – 2007）P.P.481-487
Best work: Slaughterhouse-Five《第五号屠场》（自传性作品）
Ken Kesey 肯·凯西（1935 – 2001）P.P.487-491
Best work: One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest《飞越杜鹃巢》 前卫小说 avant-garde novel
Representative: Thomas Pynchon 托马斯·品钦 P.P.501-7
Best work: V, Gravity’s Rainbow《万有引力之虹》 Vladimir Nabokov 弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫 P.P.514 – 9 二十世纪公认的杰出小说家和文体家，出生于俄国，后入美国国籍。与英国籍的波兰裔作家Joseph Conrad相媲美。两位都用精美的英文书写了对生活的观察和感悟。
Best work: Lolita 《洛丽塔》（曾一度被视为禁书）Chapter 25 Multiethnic Literature(I)少数族裔文学： African American Literature 美国黑人文学
★美国黑人文学的发展轨迹 P.P.520530 美国黑人文学的桂冠诗人
主要作品：The Negro Speaks of Rivers 《黑人谈河流》
The Weary Blues《伤心的布鲁斯》 黑人小说的发展：Richard Wright 理查德·莱特（1908—1960）P.P.530-2 代表作品：Native Son《土生子》
Ralph Ellison 拉尔夫·埃里森（1913 – 1994）P.P.532-5 代表作品：Invisible Man 《看不见的人》（社会抗议小说）
James Baldwin 詹姆斯·鲍德温
P.P.536-40 代表作品：Go Tell It on the Mountain《向苍天呼吁》
Toni Morrison 托尼·莫里森 P.P.541-5
1993 Nobel Prize winner for literature, the 1st black Nobel Prize winner in American literature 代表作品：The Bluest Eye《最蓝的眼睛》
Sula 《秀拉》
Song of Solomon 《所罗门之歌》
Beloved 《宠儿》
Alice Walker 爱丽丝·沃克
P.P.546-9 代表作品：The Color Purple《紫色》
Alex Haley 艾列克斯·哈利
P.P.549 – 50 代表作品：Roots 《根》
Chapter 26 Multiethnic Literature(II)少数族裔文学 Native American literature美国印第安文学 P.P.555-69 Asian American literature亚裔文学 Pearl Buck 赛珍珠 P.569
1938 Nobel Prize winner for literature for her Good Earth《大地》，the first American woman author to win this prize ★美国华裔文学的发展：P.P.569-78
19世纪末至20世纪60年代开创阶段
20世纪70和80年代转折阶段
20世纪80年代末和90年代初走向繁荣阶段 代表人物：Maxine Hong Kingston汤婷婷& her The Woman Warrior《女勇士》、China Men 《中国佬》
Amy Tan 谭恩美& her The Joy Luck Club《喜福会》 教材中提到的诺贝尔奖获得者： 第一位：Sinclair Lewis
1930 第二位：Eugene O’Neill 1936 第三位：Pearl Buck
1938 第四位：T.S.Eliot
1948 第五位：William Faulkner
1949(1950 received the Prize)第六位：Ernest Hemingway 1954 第七位：John Steinbeck
1962 第八位：Saul Bellow
1976 第九位：Toni Morrison 1993
