高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists习题由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“高考英语一轮复习专题”。
Unit 1 Great scientists
【热点话题】
Daily routines(日常活动)分担家务 体裁：记叙文
写作思路：引出话题——具体事例——感悟
【美文诵读】
I'm an 18yearold middle school student.I have always been too busy with my study to
help
my
parents
at home.Not_until_recently_do_I_begin_to_think_about_what_I_should_do_for_my_parents．
Last Sunday，when
my
parents
were
②①
not at home，it_occurred_to_me_that_I_could_clean_the_whole_house.At first，I swept and mopped the floor.Then I put the things in place such as books, newspapers and other things scattered in the room.I_was_wiping_the_door_when_my_parents_came_back．They were only too surprised to see what I was doing.I could see tears in my mother's eyes.At that moment, I knew it_was_time_that_I_shared_my_load_for_the_family._Tired_though _I_was，I never realized what use I can be of to my parents until that moment.【学海拾贝】
按要求完成或翻译下列句子。1．直到他摘下墨镜，我才认出他来。
Not until he took off his dark glaes did_I_recognize him.2．我突然想起我还有一些作业要做。(It occurred/occurs to sb.that...)It_occurred_to_me_that_I_had_some_homework_to_finish．⑤
④
③3．我正在看《中国好声音》这时有人敲门。(be doing...when...)I was_enjoying the Voice of China when_there_was_a_knock_at _the_door．
4．该是我们睡觉的时候了。(It is time that...)It_was_high_time_that_we_went_to_bed． 5．尽管他很年轻，但是他知道很多。(倒装)Young_as_he_is，he knows a lot.Ⅰ.按要求写出下列单词
1．特征，特性n.characteristic 2．建设，结构，建筑物n.construction 3．过失；谴责n.& v.blame 4．积极的，肯定的，确实的adj.positive 5．小心的，谨慎的adj.cautious 6．图表 n.chart 7．医生，内科医生 n.physician 8．挑战，向„„挑战 n．& v.challenge 9．受害者 n.victim 10．预见，预知 v.foresee 11．结论，结束 n．conclusion 结论，推断出v.conclude 12．污染 v.pollute 污染 n.pollution 被污染的adj.polluted 13．贡献，捐助v.contribute 2 贡献，奉献n.contribution 14．科学的adj.scientific 科学；理科n.science 科学家n.scientist 15．宣布，通告v.announce 宣布，通告，公告n.announcement 播音员，报幕员n.announcer
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．It_was_concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I came to the_conclusion that he was lying.(conclude)2．It is universally agreed that universe is endle.(universe)3．This work has_absorbed him for several years.He seemed totally_absorbed in his work.(absorb)4．The writer personally_contributed￡5，000 to the earthquake fund.All the contributions will be gratefully received.(contribute)5．The famous scientist devoted himself to scientific research and made a great contribution to science．(scientific)Ⅱ.翻译下列短语
1．提出(建议等)put_forward 2．得出结论draw_a_conclusion 3．有意义；讲得通make_sense 4．对„„严格的(be)_strict_with 5．除了„„之外apart_from 6．对„„好奇be_curious_about 7．调查look_into 8．因某事责备某人blame_sb.for_sth.9．专心于be_absorbed_in 10．对„„热情be_enthusiastic_about
Black was a policeman who(1)was_strict_with his work.Several months ago，he had a chance to read the police files and thus he found the conclusion about a murder case didn't(2)make_sense．He(3)put_forward a suggestion that the police should(4)look_into the case again though it had happened 10 years before.Black，together with his colleagues，(5)were_absorbed in the investigation and finally they(6)drew_a_conclusion that it was wrong to sentence Tackson to death.Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(p.2)人们不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
neither...nor...“既不„„也不„„”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词单复数应和靠近它的主语一致，即就近原则。
Neither she nor I am going to have a picnic this weekend.她和我都不打算本周末去野餐。
——————————————————————— [模仿造句] 用上述句型完成下列句子。
昨晚王老师和他的学生们都没有看足球赛。
Neither_Mr.Wang_nor_his_students_watched_the_football_match_last_night.2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(p.2)每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去。
every time...在此句中相当于一个从属连词，引导时间状语从句。说明：除every time外，以下短语也可用作连词：each time 每一次，any time 任何时候，next time 下一次，the first time 第一次，the last time 最后一次。
(1)It was Mr.Ma who would come to help me every time I was in trouble.每次我陷入困境时，都是马先生来帮助我。
(2)The first time I went to see him，he was absorbed in reading in the claroom.我第一次去找他时，他在教室里潜心看书。——————————————————————— [模仿造句] 用上述句型完成下列句子。
(1)每次我去找她，她都在专心看书。
Every_time I went to see her，she was_absorbed_in reading.(2)每次我看到这张老照片，我都会想起小学时的同桌。Every_time_I_see_the_old_photo，I_will_think_of_my_ deskmate_in_the_primary_school.用上述句型翻译下列小片段。
每当我们讨论发展城市的计划时，经理和总裁既不提出任何建议，也不对别人的建议提任何意见，似乎对这件事没什么兴趣。
Every_time_we_discued_the_plans_to_develop_our_city_neither_the_manger_nor_the_president_put_forward_any_suggestions，nor_did_they_make_any_comment_on_others'_ideas.It_seemed_that_they_were_not_enthusiastic_about_it_at_all.阅读理解解题技巧
推理判断（5）
文章的基本结构
文章的基本结构就是指文章的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。另外，我们将主题的展开方式题也归在这一类，常见的提问方式有：
How is the paage mainly developed? The paage is developed mainly by________． How is the text organized? Which of the following best shows the structure of the paage? 解答此类题，仍采用略读法，重点阅读首尾段以及中间各段的首尾句，根据各段主旨及各段内在的逻辑关系来进行判断。另外，需掌握以下文体结构和说明方式的基础知识：
1．议论文的基本结构有“论点(总)—论据(分：可以有两个或多个论据)—结论(总)”或“总—分”或“分—总”三类。
2．一个段落一般由表达核心思想的主题句(topic sentence)、围绕主题句而展开的支撑句子(supporting sentences)和结论句(concluding sentence)组成。
3．说明文中常用的说明方式主要有：时间顺序(order of time)、空间顺序(order of space)、逻辑顺序(如：原因与结果、现象与本质等)、举例子(providing examples)、作比较(making comparisons)、分析原因(analyzing)、作诠释(giving explanations)、分类别、列数字、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。
阅读下列短文节选，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
1．In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget.But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant.The work was hard;the pay was poor;and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.First of all, the job made huge demands on my strength.For ten hours a night, I took boxes that rolled down a metal track and piled them onto a truck.I would not have minded the difficulty of the work so much if the pay had not been so poor.I was paid the lowest wage of that time—two dollars an hour.But even more than the low pay, what made me unhappy was the working conditions.During work I was limited to two tenminute breaks and an unpaid half hour for lunch.I stayed on the job for five months, all the while hating the difficulty of the work, the poor money, and the conditions under which I worked.By the time I left, I was determined never to go back there again.How is the text organized? A．Topic—Argument—Explanation B．Opinion—Discuion—Description C．Main idea—Comparison—Supporting examples D．Introduction—Supporting examples—Conclusion 解析：本文作者在第一段首先讲述曾做过多种工作，但这些工作都不像作者在苹果工厂的工作那样可怕，这项工作辛苦、工资低和工作条件差，由此引出在该厂的工作经历(introduction)；中间三段分别描述在该厂工作是如何的辛苦、工作条件是何等的差(supporting examples)；最后一段得出“再也不愿意做”的结论(conclusion)。
答案：D 2．Unfortunately, not all of Mom's advice paed the test of medical studies.For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating.But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so.Do sweets cause tooth problems? Well，yes and no.Sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.The author develops the paragraph mainly_______________.A．by cause and effect B．by order in space C．by order in time D．by examples 解析：本篇作者首先提出观点“不幸的是，母亲的忠告并不都是经得起医学研究的检验的”。接着用for example引出，举了“在吃饭后一个小时内不要游泳”“糖果会引起牙病”两条忠告与研究结果不完全相符的事实来证明作者的观点。本题的展开方式是举例。
答案：D 3.Armstrong showed a great talent for music when he was taught to play the cornet(短号)at a boy's home.In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician.He played in parades, clubs，and on the steamboats that traveled on the Miiippi River.At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians.Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal.This paragraph is developed________． A．by space
B．by examples C．by time D．by comparison 解析：浏览全文，本文显然是按Armstrong的成长历程来写的，即按时间顺序来写的。答案：C
第一节 阅读理解
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
Since birth, Joy and Miriam were left at the gate of an orphanage(孤儿院).For the disabled sisters, who both have spina bifida(脊柱裂), it may have seemed that all hopes were lost at that time.But after being adopted by a British couple, they have become two of the country's most promising wheelchair basketball stars.In 2005, the Haizes adopted them.Then，they moved to the UK when Joy was six and Miriam was seven.The girls discovered the wheelchair basketball through a chance conversation，which Mr.Haize had with a friend in 2011.They hadn't known wheelchair sports before, but Joy was hooked from the beginning.While Miriam loved the sport, it took her a little longer to become a serious athlete.“I used to have really low selfrespect，”she said.“It's only when Joy got into the Under 25s European Championships in 2013 that I started to take basketball seriously.It gave me a path to follow.”Miriam was then chosen to play at both regional trials and the Sainsbury's School Games in 2014.Of course，she earned herself a place at the famous GB Futures training camp.“GB Futures helped me a lot.It helped me take basketball to another level and learn more about the game and its history.It also helped me be more independent，”said Miriam.Meanwhile, Joy is currently the youngest player on the GB women's team—but she is making her mark on the international stage, having represented Great Britain in tournaments(锦标赛)all over the world.The teenagers are now eager to encourage others to explore the world of wheelchair sports.“You should have confidence in yourself.That's the one thing to help you succeed.Having setbacks helped me grow into a person and player.No matter what people said to us, we just tried our best，”said the girls.1.What happened to Joy and Miriam when they were born? A.They were adopted by a British couple.B.They were abandoned to an orphanage.C.They moved to the UK with their parents.D.They lived with parents in an orphanage.2.The sisters first got to know the wheelchair basketball________.A.from GB Futures training camp B.from their P．E.teacher by chance C.from a conversation in a TV program D.from a talk between their father and his friend 3．It can be inferred from the paage that________． A．the Haizes aimed to train Joy to become the world champion B．Joy set a good example to Miriam in the wheelchair basketball C．it took Joy a long time to take the wheelchair basketball seriously D．Miriam is the youngest player on the women's basketball team 4．What suggestion did the disabled sisters give to others? A．Put your heart into work!B．A good beginning is half done!C．All roads lead to Rome.D．Believe in yourself!语篇解读：本文主要讲述了一对轮椅篮球姐妹花的奋斗故事。
1．解析：细节理解题。由文章第一段的“Since birth，Joy and Miriam were left at the gate of an orphanage”可知，患有脊柱裂的姐妹Joy and Miriam一出生就被遗弃在了孤儿院门口。
答案：B 2．解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段的“The girls discovered the wheelchair basketball through a chance conversation，which Mr.Haize had with a friend in 2011.”可知D项正确。
答案：D
3．解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段前半部分内容可知，Joy一开始就很热爱轮椅篮球，并取得了很好的成绩(Joy got into the Under 25s European Championships in 2013)，正是Joy的好成绩激励了Miriam。所以正确答案为选项B。
答案：B 4．解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Joy和Mirian姐妹的话可知，她们鼓励“年轻人一定要自信”。
答案：D 第二节 完形填空
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
When our restaurant busine failed，we headed north in a camping truck to Texas，hoping to have a “fresh start”．
At the____1____of Palo Duro Canyon(峡谷)State Park，I ____2____ a job advertisement hiring park hosts.The position offered a____3____，permanent campsite in the park，and____4____，the hosts served as a link between the park's guests and the rangers(护林人)．It was the perfect solution: a rentfree place to reorganize our lives.We entered the park and I made an ____5____for the following day.The park was____6____，so it took us some time to find an available site.That evening，as we finished our dinner，my wife saw two large skunks(臭鼬)walking toward our table.We____7____climbed onto the table and，for the next four hours，waited for them to____8____our camp.Having survived that night，we were____9____that everything else would be all right.The next day we met with the people who ran the park.They explained our____10____and gave us a beautiful campsite.That evening，____11____，we learned about the canyon____12____．They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently，and we lay____13____in the dark until the winds died away.14____the weeks that followed，we learned to survive in our truck and____15____the little money my wife____16____by substitute teaching.Building a succeful busine and then losing it had left very little time for building a succeful ____17____．For a time after our busine____18____I thought I might lose my family as well.living in the tiny____19____with no television, we sat close together reading and talking.One evening，standing under a jeweled sky，I found myself____20____for all the hardships.We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls.We had become a family!1．A.back
B．entrance C.centre D．edge 2．A.sponsored B．published C．noticed D．answered 3．A.free B．safe C．convenient D．beautiful 4．A.in return B．in time C．in short D．in turn 5．A.attempt B．agreement C．appeal D．appointment 6．A.ideal B．dangerous C．crowded D．quiet 7．A.repeatedly B．eventually C．immediately D．calmly 8．A.attack B．pa C．leave D．search 9．A.satisfied B．confident C．determined D．aware 10．A.responsibilities B．requirements C．circumstances D．conditions 11．A.moreover B．therefore C．meanwhile D．however 12．A.winds B．snows C．woods D．trails 13．A.aching B．quarreling C．mourning D．shaking 14．A.After B．Between C．During D．Beyond 15．A.give away B．hand out C．live on D．put aside 16．A.borrowed B．posted C．earned D．raised 17．A.busine B．family C．career D．image 18．A.started B．failed C．expanded D．declined 19．A.camp B．park C．house D．truck 20．A.desperate B．ready C．suitable D.thankful 语篇解读：：本文体栽为记叙文。题材为个人经历。文章讲述了作者生意失败后，举家去得克萨斯州开始新的生活。在应聘“park host”一职后，一家人虽然生活比较艰难，但家人之间的关系更加密切。
1．解析：根据常识可知，“我”应该在公园的入口处看到招聘信息，at the entrance of意为“在„„入口”。
答案：B 2．解析：sponsor“赞助，倡议”；publish“出版，发行”；notice“注意到”；answer“回答”；选C表示“我”注意到了这则广告。
答案：C 3．解析：根据下文“a rentfree place to reorganize our lives”可知，这个职位提供了一个长期免费的营地。free在此处意为“免费的”。
答案：A 4．解析：根据上下文可知，对方给我们提供了免费的营地，作为回报，“我”要充当旅客和护林人之间联系的纽带。
答案：A 5．解析：根据下文“The next day we met with the people who ran the park.”可知，“我”和管理公园的负责人见了面，而在见面之前应是先预约。make an appointment意为“预约”。
答案：D 6．解析：根据下文“it took us some time to find an available site”可知，公园里的人很多，crowded意为“人多的，拥挤的”。
答案：C
7．解析：根据上下文句意可推断，我们为了躲避臭鼬立刻爬到桌子上面去，故C项符合语境。immediately“立即，马上”。
答案：C 8．解析：我们等待臭鼬离开(leave)我们的营地。答案：C 9．解析：熬过了那个晚上，我们相信其他一切事情会比较顺利的。confident“有信心的，有把握的”。
答案：B 10．解析：根据上文“The next day we met with the people who ran the park”可知，那些管理公园的人给我们解释了我们的工作职责。
答案：A 11．解析：下文描述了我们在营地生活的艰难，与上文构成转折关系，故D项符合句意。however意为“然而，不过”。
答案：D 12．解析：由下文“until the winds died away”可知答案。答案：A 13．解析：根据上文“They were strong and cold，rocking our little camping truck violently”可知，我们颤抖地躺在车里，shake此处意为“发抖”。
答案：D 14．解析：句意：在接下来的几个星期里，我们学会了如何在货车里生活。答案：C 15．解析：give away“赠送，泄露，出卖”；hand out“分发”；live on“靠„„生活”；put aside“整理，放在一边”。根据上文可知，此处指在接下来的几个星期里我们靠妻子做代课教师挣得一点钱生活。
答案：C 16．解析：此处考查固定搭配。earn money意为“挣钱”。答案：C 17．解析：根据下文“I thought I might lose my family as well”可知B项符合句意。
答案：B 18．解析：根据文章第一段“When our restaurant busine failed...”可知。本句指这次失败让“我”感觉也许会失去自己的家庭。
答案：B
19．解析：根据上文“we learned to survive in our truck”可知。答案：D 20．解析：根据全文可知，虽然“我”生意失败后生活很辛苦，但家人之间的关系更加密切，由此推断“我”很感激生活中遇到的艰难困苦。thankful for意为“因„„感激”。
答案：D
第三节 语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Every morning，Lao Tse went for a walk in the dawn.He never walked with others，as he knew that people could not be quiet and that they would disturb his 1.________(silent)he experienced.But his neighbor put in 2.________request for his friend.He said，“Let him join you during your morning walk.It seems such a lovely experience to him.And he has promised to be 3.________(complete)silent.”Lao Tse agreed so the friend came along.They walked alongside each other 4.________saying one word.When they walked deeper into the woods, they came to a lake 5.________(surround)by high trees.The sun 6.________(shine)through the trees and fell in patterns on the water.It was a fantastic sight.The friend's jaw dropped and wanted 7.________(praise)the beautiful scenery.But he covered his mouth with his hand，8.________he remembered his promise.After they came back，Lao Tse was 9.________(satisfy)with his company.And he said to his neighbour，“Your friend is very nice.I'd like to walk with him again.”
So the two often walked together.But neither of them spoke anything all the way.10.________(respect)others' habits can help us make friends.语篇解读：尊敬别人的习惯才能跟别人成为朋友。
1．解析：考查名词。根据句意，他们会打扰他的安静。在形容词性物主代词之后，用名词形式。
答案：silence 2．解析：考查冠词。这里指提出一个请求，故用不定冠词。答案：a 3．解析：考查副词。形容词前面用副词修饰，表示完全地安静。答案：completely 4．解析：考查介词。根据句意，他们并肩走着，一句话也没有说。故用without。答案：without 5．解析：考查非谓语动词。lake与surround之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
答案：surrounded 6．解析：考查时态。动作发生在过去与fell并列，故用shine的一般过去时。答案：shone 7．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据结构want to do sth.故用动词不定式形式。答案：to praise 8．解析：考查连词。这里是在解释原因，故填because，引导原因状语从句。答案：because 9．解析：考查形容词。be satisfied with sb.意为“对人某满意”。答案：satisfied 10．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用动名词作主语。答案：Respecting 第四节 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()画掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last night，I couldn't find my diary which my secrets were kept.I thought my mother has taken it.She used to read my diary without letting me known and she must have done that again.In angry，I ran to her and asked her to return my diary back to me.She said she didn't take it but I didn't believe her.Just then，my little sister came to me with my diary and asked why I was looking for it.Looked at my mother，I didn't know what to do for moment.Then I apologized on what I had done.I think an apology is necearily when we do something wrong.And we should think carefully before we act.答案：
