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Zhang Yan 0131126043 Justice according to multielement
The eternal pursuit of the irreconcilable contradictions, on “freedom” and “equality”, is the inexhaustible driving force for social progre.“Multi-evolution”, a representative of a new “relativism” revived.Since the enlightenment modernism was questioned, the Western society as well as the colonies themselves has launched reflections on the modernist concept of development.Thus, the colonists launched imposing colonial liberation movements and drove away Western colonizers under the leadership of nationalist politicians.However, the colonial legacy, which is the unfinished modernism development proce, is destined to be succeeded by nationalist politicians.The legacy is concretely showed in the wealth polarization, the serious imbalance in resources distribution and the contrast of the middle cla of the developed cities and the traditional society of the developing countryside.What should the nationalist politicians who inherited the legacy do? There are two choices, first, to get rich together, or poor.The former policy appears in East and Southeast Asia and Latin American countries, the so-called “a few people get rich first” policy, whose positive subtext is “most people will keep a pace later”, no matter how the difficulty increases.The latter one appears in traditional Islamic countries, which went to the other extreme in the face of growing wealth gap.“Islamic fundamentalism”, which means going back to the beginning of the claical era, the “garden of Eden”, the main character of the times, was that everybody is all poor, they have no difference in addition to sex.Women all wear robes and veils, men all wear gowns and long beard there, the sole purpose is to erase the characteristic caused by different status and different income.Virtually, all these effects have the same goal, equality.Either the pursuit of common prosperity which seems illusive, or common poverty hogtying the development of people‟s life, are all the respond to the principle of equality.So it‟s easier to understand The Theory Of Justice.A justice, according to Aristotle's view, is “equality”.Why is the pursuit of Justice(equal), even the Bushman who lives a simple material life in Kalahari of southern Africa also knew that，“Even if a person desires a delicate knife, he doesn‟t care to own it for too long, because he knows he will become the envy of others;when he wipes the knife, he will hear the whisper from the others, „He has a wonderful knife while we have nothing‟.Soon someone will ask him for a knife, because everyone wants to own it, so he sends the knife away.Their culture has consistently called for their sharing, so there has never been a man who isn't willing to share items, food or water with other tribe members, because once leaving the mutual cooperation, the Bushmen will not survive in the drought and famine of Kalahari Desert.”
“Equal”, especially materially, is the cornerstone of social, people always want to keep the same with their neighbors, not so different at least, this let people retain dignity sense on capacity and spirit.Thanks to equality, people won‟t covet others‟ wealth or desire for the “luxury” life, society can reserve a more harmonious atmosphere.However, differences of people's intelligence and ability exist unavoidably;humans are born with the right to pursue the wealth or status according to their capacity.But the Declaration of human rights says，“In terms of their rights, men are born and remain free and equal”, put these contradicting words together.Now that people have the rights to pursue happine freely, they will pay for the price of the encounter of principle of equality and “freedom” one day, inevitably.It's within the scope of acceptable if the disparity in wealth and status only comes from the differences of intelligence and ability, but if disparities of wealth and status go beyond personal abilities, especially when their wealth and status achieved continuance acro generations.Some people are just born with more resources than others, while others who tried their whole lives to achieve ”equality“, though, could not bridge the gap between individuals.Then how do you achieve social justice after the delicate balance between” Freedom“ and ”equality“ being broken?
Rawls‟s theory of Justice, in a word, can be explained as a concept that Justice as fairne.First, we need to indicate a prerequisite, which is how the social contract appears, so that we can arrive at principles of this theory.Rawls expanded on this and he called it the ”Original position“.Then we can infer a principle of Justice, ”all the social values including freedom and opportunity, income and wealth, as well as the foundation of self-esteem, should be equally distributed.Rawls's theory of Justice not so much presented a rule for the operation of Justice, rather than provide a code of ethics or a rule of contrast.Many countries still journey on the path of achieving equality, some in the pursuit of common prosperity, others adhere to common poverty.Rawls‟s society seems disconnected from outside of these two extremes, but it is apparently not fair to point out the lack of operability of his theory.Countle of history(as Khmer Rouge, and pre-Open Door China)proved that pursuit of complete equality only brings the tyranny of minority.Since equality on this level cannot be achieved, we choose to allow “free” pursuit of income or wealth, but not damaging others‟ equal right.Nonethele, it‟s not fair to grant all the glory to “justice” as well.In the second half of the 20th century, society of the United States has experienced complex culture changes and social integration, culture became more multiple and freer, people has more ways to chase happine whose form is more abundant rather than wealth, the field where people achieved equality has not been limited to economic and social status, and it‟s on the decrease that justice has been linked to wealth and status.The ultimate goal of social transformation is always bridging the gap between wealth and status and reconstructing an equal society.Today's various social iues, all kinds of “second generation”, mother-in-law conflicts, the house price, even rumors of food hygiene, are all public responds when people are in the pursuit of “justice”.Some are sniggering with cynicism at deformed relationship because of fever for wealth and status, while some read ancient works, put on Han Chinese clothing and hide in utopia with fundamentalism.However, these actions lack constructivene after all, most of them are helple and usele.From the perspective of cro-cultural comparison, multiple value choice might be a better way.Adopting multi-digestion to solve the bondage of wealth and status to justice may be a new road to try.
