by后面加名词性词语或短语。
by：
adv.通过;经过;表示保留或保存时用;短暂拜访。
prep.靠近;在…旁边;常置于表示被动的动词后，表示使为者;表示方式。
扩展资料
All the statistical computations were performed by the new software system.
所有的统计计算均由新的软件系统完成。
They won by a single goal after extra time.
他们在加时赛中仅踢进一球即获胜。
Theyve increased the price by 50%.
他们已经把价格提高了50%。
Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.
现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。
Im always broke by the end of the month.
我总是一到月底就没钱花了。
