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Contents
Abstract...........................................................................................................1 Key Words......................................................................................................1 摘 要...............................................................................................................1 关键词...............................................................................................................1 1.Brief Introduction to the Author and the Novel...................................1
1.1 The Personality of Jack London................................................................1 1.2 The Greatne of the Novel........................................................................1
2.The Leading Role’s Struggle in Fighting with the Surroundings....2
2.1 The Struggle in Fighting with the Environment........................................2 2.1.1 When He was Strong-minded.........................................................2 2.1.2 When He was Totally Driven dy Hunger........................................2 2.1.3 When He Finally Realized the Hope Exists....................................3 2.2 The Struggle in Fighting with the Animals..............................................3 2.2.1 The Metting with the Bear................................................................4 2.2.2 The Competition with a Sick Wolf....................................................4 2.3 The Struggle in Fighting with Himself....................................................4
2.3.1 Self-encouraged after Being Abandoned by Partner.........................4 2.3.2 The Hard Choice between Gold and Life.........................................4
3.Author’s Attitudes to Life Reflected in This Novel............................5
3.1 The Similar Experiences in Author’s Life to This Article.......................5 3.2 The Influence of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution......................................5 3.3 The Realtionship between Human, Wildlife and Environment...............5
4.Conclusion......................................................................................................6 Bibliography......................................................................................................7 Jack London’s Attitudes to Life in The Love of Life
Name: Yu Yingxi
No.20115061231 English Major
School of Foreign Languages Supervisor:Li Jinyi
Title: Profeor Abstract: Several centuries ago, the stories about human’s fights in life were loved by lots of people.The Love of Life is such a tale of human unequaled endurance and ardent love of life burning in human soul.Author’s attitude to life was revealed in every detail throughout this whole story;therefore, through the analysis of this story, we can acquire deeper knowledge about the author’s view of life and values as well as the internal factors which bring it into beings.Key Words: love of life;Jack London;attitudes to life
摘 要: 几个世纪以前，关于人们为生命而拼搏的故事就广受人们的喜爱。而热爱生命就是这样一个故事，展现了人们无与伦比的忍耐力以及那种在灵魂中燃烧的对生命的热爱。作者对待人生的态度贯穿了整个故事的细枝末节，因而通过对整个故事的分析了解，我们可以更深的认识作者的生命观和价值观，以及影响其形成的内在因素。
关键字：热爱生命；杰克伦敦；对待生命的态度
1.Brief Introduction to The Author and The Novel 1.1 The Personality of Jack London Jack London, also named John Griffith Chaney(1876-1916)was an American author, journalist and social activist.He was a paionate advocate of unionization, socialism and the rights of workers.Besides, he wrote several powerful works which bring a big influence to the world.His mother was a music teacher and his father was believed to be an astrologer.Jack London worked many jobs of menial and unskilled labor at places such as a cannery and a jute mill, and also worked as a window-washer, watchman, and long shore man.but the drudgery of these occupations did not dampen his enterprising spirit or intellectual enthusiasm for reading and writing.While living in Oakland he discovered the public library and immersed himself in literature.1.2 The greatne of the novel 1 Love of Life is a story of the north adventure series by which the author drew us a stirring scene, described how a person nearly to death fought back against his tragic fate and brought himself back to his life.That was dramatically coinciding with the miserable early life of him.Jack London had a brave heart and spirit to cast his misfortune off, and all of these were displayed clearly in his novels especially in Love of Life.In this modern time, lots of people make light of their life for the preures they get from family, wok or society ended their lives easily.The unyielding spirit stood straightly when he faced ever kings of difficulties, encouraged generations of people.The story is a representative of Jack London’s works.No matter what aspects we appreciate from, the spiritual strength moves us deeply.Putin(the president of Ruia)have said that “we should remember what Jack London had told us--’Time and tide wait for no man.’”
2.The leading role’s struggle in fighting with the surroundings
2.1 The struggle in fighting with the environment 2.11 When he was strong-minded
The man character “he” in this whole paage was not given a name and the author even does not describe his appearance or age for us.All we know is that man was hurt in his leg and abandoned by his partner in a big forest without any food to eat.When he realized that he was abandoned by his friend, the first emotion banged into his mind was panic.In order to resist being trapped by this desperate feeling, he pulled himself together , dragged his wounded leg, went back to his lonely trip.Though alone, he was not lost.With firm determination, he limped forward.In the next two days, without food to eat, he searched frogs and worms to fill up his stomach.There are several descriptions about how he tried to use everything in hand to fight against huger, cold, and lonely.2.12 When he was totally driven by hunger He was mastered by the verb “to eat”, he was hunger-mad.These two sentences used in a simple way to show the condition he was in.he was totally driven by hunger, nothing could occupy his mind now, the extreme pain from his stomach drive him crazy.Although the bitter flavor of musky berries and rush-gra patches were left in his mouth, he still felt hungry.His heart also began to flutter violently in every moving which made him go faint and dizzy.At this moment, the only thing left was his distinct that cried out to survive.In this hard struggle, he tried several times to catch the minnow and ptarmigan.At this time, nothing seems could not eat at this time.What makes things worse is that a hallucination began to trouble him.He imagined a horse stood behind him which means the organs of his body began to decline.A man in this case is out of strength and energy.However, he had never given up.2.13 When he finally realize the hope exists Most unusual, he thought a vision or a mirage, more like a vision, trick of his disordered mind.This first reaction to the appearance of ship was not excited, but the suspect himself.This suspicion has its own reasons.In fact, he knows his own condition so as to he could not believe his own eyes when the hope came to him.But when he calmed down, took a stock of his own condition, he set out to ship firmly.Just at this moment, another big challenge found him;a sick wolf began to fellow him.The fight between a man and a wolf kicked off.The man crawled towards the hope of holy land, inch by inch, following by a dangerous company and had to take care of not being the others food.2.2 The struggle in fighting with the animals 2.21 The meeting with a bear Meeting with one bear was an unexpected situation to him.Driven nearly mad by hunger, he even took the bear as a horse, he rubbed his eyes savagely to clear his vision and then find out it is not a hose but a great bear.Even so, he saw the meat and life behind him.The eager of surviving gave him the incomparable courage that he took out his hunting-life and got ready to a big fight with the bear.His desperate courage was drew himself up to the most imposing stature, gripping the knife and staring hard at the bear.In response to the bear’s growling, he, too, growled savagely, terribly, with a desperate fear and hope for life and that scared the bear away.That was his first win with animals.He defeated a bear.But it also awakened his fear and alertne to the unknown dangerous in the forest.He now realized hunger is not the only thing threaten to his life, he had also to fight with surroundings.2.22 The competition with a sick wolf The competition between the dying man and the sick wolf is the most important and impreive point in this whole article.He met the wolf when he realized the hope is just ahead of him.The excitement of viewing hope and the fear of facing danger occurred to him at the same time along the way.The man knew the sick wolf clung to his trail in the hope that he would die first.He even saw the wolf licking hungrily his bleeding trail.Then he saw his own fate unle he could get the wolf.To some extent, the sick wolf is not only his rival, but also his motive to survive.In order to avoid being eaten by the wolf, he had to pull himself together and move forward.The final fight between the man and the wolf arrived;his hand had no strength to chock the wolf, instead of his hands, his tooth pierced into the wolf’s throat, end its life.The man finally won this competition.2.3The struggle in fighting with himself 2.31 The self-encouraged after being abandoned by partner He called out “I say, Bill, I’ve sprained my ankle.” Bill staggered on through the water.He did not look around.The man watched him go, and through his face was expreionle as ever, his eyes were like the eyes of a wounded deer.He begged Bill to stay again, it was the pleading cry of a strong man in distre, but Bill’s head did not turn.When he finally realized he was abandoned by his friend, the fear comes to him.But he did not stop.To fight with this desperate emotion, he tried to tell himself that Bill would be waiting for him in a cache that they all know.With this self-cheated belief, or we can call it self-encouraged, he went on his lonely trip.This is the first struggle to fight with himself and his own mind.And this fight gave him an target to achieve.2.32 The hard choice between gold and life
The man’s several choices between gold and life is pretty impreive.However, it is a common thing that lots of people can not resist the temptation of money and even risk their life to get it in our daily life.As an ordinary people, he also can not drop the gold on which he had spent a lot of time and energy.The gold was protected well in a squat moose-hide sack, which was mentioned several times in this article to emphasize its importance for him.However, facing the danger of losing life, he finally dropped it.This kind of description to some extent reflects the author’s attitude: nothing could compare with life when facing danger, to survive is the nature of human beings.3.author’s attitude to life reflected in this novel 3.1 The similar experiences in author’s life to this article
On July 12, 1897, London(age21)and his sister’s husband sailed to join the Klondike Gold Rush.This was the setting for his first succeful stories.London’s time in the Klondike, however, was detrimental to his health.Like so many other men who were malnourished in the goldfields, London developed scurvy.His gums became swollen, leading to the lo of his four front teeth.A constant gnawing pain affected his nip and leg muscles, and his face stricken with marks that always reminded him of the struggles he faced in the Klondike.Because of the similar life experiences, London could imagine how many trials and hardships the gold searcher had to go through.That was what we always say experience comes from life.3.2 The Influence of Darwin’s theory of Evolution We can infer from the novel that Jack London was deeply influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution.For example: It is not the strongest of the species that survive, but the one most responsive to change.-----Charles Darwin The characterized person “he” in this whole article played a role that had never gave up no matter how many difficulties lying ahead.A human being without any weapons to protect him or any food to eat was such a tiny, tender creature.But just from this comparison, the vivid personality stands out.The greatest creature isn’t the strongest but the most responsible to change.Only could one person adapt to the environment he will survive.That is the rule of the world and also used as well in human society.3.3 The relationship between human, wildlife and environment There are several fights scene between human beings and animals in the natural environment.Sometimes, the animals win but most of time is the human win.Human beings are unique among animals species in that human survive and reproduce in a wide variety environments through cultural adaptations.However, in this article, Jack London put human beings in an equal position with other species.All creatures just want to survive in this competitive environment.The cry of life is beyond the borderline of species.In this way, the value of life is firmly streed.Therefore, the most impreive and heart-toughed scene is the fight between a sick wolf and a dying man.They fight against strength and stigma, patience and persistence.Although the man won and survive, we can not say the others lose this fight.What is sprinkling in this novel is the strength of a kind of spirit, a spirit of never giving up.4.Conclusion Jack London was a well-known American writer of realism in the beginning of the 20th century.As one of his most famous novel, Love of Live was loved by lots of people and also praised by Lenin.In this novel, London described the environment to make his figure stand out.His distinctive writing style and manner, the philosophy of plain narration and delicate psychological description also was a tool to embody the heroic image.His characters and plots were near the ordinary and their lives making his story more real and touching.This rooted in his early life experiences and his sensibility to life.His spirit influenced people through the whole world.Bringing our literature into a new stage especially the tradition of realism, at the same time he leave us an eternal wealth.His attitude toward life reflected in this novel also brings us a lot to think about.In order to achieve a life goal, it is neceary to live with all difficulties and obstacles on the road to do the life-and-death struggle, and daring to win.This novel's main character in the face of many difficulties and obstacles, want to give up life and death choice is no longer easy, but he did not die willingly, he chose to fight.As a result, life must be pursued, it is neceary to live a very dynamic game, career achievements, we must learn to live in strong and learn to fight, so that we can live up to the life of the great trust in order to be worthy of life itself.Bibliography:
[1]Hirsch D.The Companion to American Realism and Naturalism [M].New York: Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd, 2000.[2]Watson, Jr Charles, E.The Novels of Jack London；A Reappraisal [M].New York: Foreign Literature Appreciation, 2008.[3] Hedrick, Joan D.Solitary Comrade: Jack London and His Works [M].Oxford: Oxford University Pre, 1998 [4]Wilson, J.Ecological Studies of Jack London’s Two Animals Works [C].London: Longman, 1999.[5]张露.对杰克.伦敦两部小说的生态批评解读[D].武汉理工大学, 2007 [6]姜乘鹤.杰克.伦敦小说的生态情结[D].曲阜师范大学, 2010 [7]王文采.西方动物小说中动物与人类关系的生态批评解读[D].辽宁师范大学, 2011
