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Animal Bite Information and First Aid
Each year millions of people in the United States—most of them children—are bitten by animals.Most animal bites are from dogs;cat bites are second most common.However, the risk of infection from a cat bite is much higher than that from a dog bite.Most bites occur on the fingers of the dominant hand, but children may also be bitten about the head and neck area.
A major concern about an animal bite is the poibility of rabies.Because most pets in the U.S.are vaccinated, most cases of rabies result from the bite of a wild animal such as a skunk, bat or raccoon.However, in other countries, dog bites are the most common source of rabies.If you are bitten by a dog outside the U.S., consult a doctor immediately.
Signs and symptoms
In some cases, the bite will not break the skin but may cause damage to underlying tendons（腱，筋）and joints.If the skin is broken, there is the additional poibility of infection as well as injury to tendons and nerves.Dogs have powerful jaws and can cause crushing injuries to bone, muscles, tendons, ligaments（结带；纽带）and nerves.
Signs of an infection include:
·Warmth around the wound
·Swelling
·Pain
·A pus discharge
·Redne around the puncture wound
Signs of damage to tendons or nerves include:
·An inability to bend or straighten the finger
·A lo of sensation over the tip of the finger
First aid
Don't put the bitten area in your mouth!You will just be adding the bacteria in your mouth to that already in the wound.
If the wound is superficial, wash the area thoroughly.Use soap and water or an antiseptic such as hydrogen peroxide or alcohol.Apply an antibiotic ointment and cover with a non-stick bandage.Watch the area carefully to see if there are signs of damaged nerves or tendons.Some bruising may develop, but the wound should heal within a week to 10 days.If it does not, or if you see signs of infection or damage to nerves and tendons, seek medical help.
If there is bleeding, apply direct preure with a clean dry cloth.Elevate the area.Do not clean a wound that is actively bleeding.Cover the wound with a clean sterile dreing and always seek medical help.
If the wound is to the face and/or head and neck area, seek medical help immediately. Contact your physician to see whether additional treatment is needed.
Report the incident to your public health department.They may ask your aistance in locating the animal so that it can be confined and observed for symptoms of rabies.
Follow these recommendations to prevent animal bites and rabies.
Do not try to separate fighting animals.
Avoid animals that appear sick or act strangely.Call animal control.
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Leave animals, even pets or other animals you know, alone when they are eating or sleeping.
Keep pets on a leash when out in public.
Never leave a young child alone with a pet.Don't allow children to tease an animal by waving sticks, throwing stones, or pulling a tail.
Be sure your pet is vaccinated.
Do not approach or play with any kind of wild animal.Teach children not to pat strange animals, even pets on a leash, without asking permiion of the owner first.
【想一想】 Do you think that learning how to prevent animal bites is important for everyone or just for the people who raise pets?
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