opening remark由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“openingspeech范文”。
All the talented students: I am very glad that you would like to join me in touching the most wonderful cultural heritage---poetry.As you know, poetry is the highest form of literature, on which is really worth spending some time, especially for the English language learners.I as well as you can not make full use of our time sometimes, but squander much time in doing something usele.Why can’t we seize the time, changing every minute into knowledge? Chairman Mao once wrote: “ so many deeds cry out to be done, And always urgently.The world rolls on, Time prees Ten thousand years are too long Seize the day, seize the hour.Let’s seize every minute, surfing in the sea of human knowledge.My plan is that we shall discu 100 poems, 100 short stories, 100 plays.Everyday, each of us is supposed to discu a poem, a short story or a play.And if it is poible, I hope this can be a lifelong programme.Let’s start with poetry: 1.The definition of poetry Poetry can defined a school of literature.It is an imaginative awarene of experience expreed through meaning, sound, and rhythmic language choices so as to evoke an emotional response.Poetry has been known to employ meter and rhyme, but this is by no means neceary.Poetry is an ancient form that has gone through numerous and drastic reinvention over time.The very nature of poetry as an authentic and individual mode of expreion makes it nearly impoible to define.2.Genres of poetry Different forms or genres have different subjects, aims, conventions and attributes.a.Ballad ,民歌 or literary ballad, is a long singing poem that tells a story(usually of love or adventure), written in quatrainsthe third line may have internal rhyme.b.Blank Verse无韵体诗 is made up of unrhymed iambic pentameter lines.c.Elegy 挽歌is a lyric poem written to commemorate someone who is dead.d.Epigram 讽刺短诗is a brief, pointed, and witty poem of no prescribed form.e.Free Verse自由体诗 has no identifiable meter, although the lines may have a rhyme-scheme.f.Heroic Couplet 英雄偶体句is two lines of rhyming iambic pentameters.g.Limerick五行打油诗 is a five-line poem in which lines 1, 2, and 5 are anapestic trimeters and lines 3 and 4 are anapestic dimeters, rhymed as aabba.Poible source of origin is Limerick, Ireland.h.Lyric抒情诗 is a poem of emotional intensity and exprees powerful feelings.i.Narrative叙事诗 form is used to tell a story;it is usually made of ballad stanzasababcdecde, written in iambic meter.k.Parody戏仿诗 is a humorous imitation of a serious poem.l.Quatrain四行诗 is a four-line stanza with various meters and rhyme
m.Sonnet 十四行诗is a fourteen line poem.1)Italian or Petrarchan sonnet has two stanzas: the first of eight lines is called octave and has the rhyme-scheme abba abba;the second of six lines is called the sestet and has the rhyme cdecde or cdcdcd.2).Spenserian sonnet, developed by Edmund Spenser, has three quatrains and a heroic couplet, in iambic pentameter with rhymes ababbcbccdcdee.3)English sonnet, developed by Shakespeare, has three quatrains and a heroic couplet, in iambic pentameter with rhymes ababcdcdefefgg.n.Tercet 三行押运诗is a three-line stanza;when all three lines rhyme they are called a triplet.o.Terza Rima 三行体诗consists of interlocking three-line rhyme scheme(aba, bcb).p.Villanelle维拉内拉诗 is a fixed form consisting of nineteen lines divided into six stanzas: five tercets and a a concluding
quatrain.3．Rhythm and Meter韵律和格律
a.foot The foot 韵脚is the metrical unit by which a line of poetry is measured;it usually consists of one streed or accented(')and one or two unstreed or unaccented syllables(that is, the figurative term is substituted for or identified with the literal term.c.Synecdoche:提喻 the use of the part for the whole d.metonymy转喻 the use of something closely related for the thing actually meant.They are alike in that both substitute some significant detail or aspect of an experience for the experience itself.e.Personification抑人 consists in giving the attributes of a human being to an animal, an object, or a concept.f.apostrophe, 呼 语which consists in addreing someone absent or something non human as if it were alive and present and could reply to what is being said.g.Symbol:象征 A symbol may be roughly defined as something that means more than what it is.Image, metaphor, and symbol shade into each other and are sometimes difficult to distinguish.In general, however, an image means only what it is;a metaphor means something other than what it is;and a symbol means what it is and something more too.h.Allegory:寓言 Allegory is a narrative or description that has a second meaning beneath the surface one.Although the surface story or description may have its own interest, the author's major interest is in the ulterior meaning.Allegory has been defined as an extended metaphor and sometimes as a series of related symbols.i.paradox:隽语
an apparent contradiction that is neverthele true.It may either be a situation or a statement(“damn with faint praise”).j.Overstatement, 夸张or hyperbole, is simply exaggeration but exaggeration in the service of truth.Understatement, or saying le than one means, may exist in what one says or merely in how one says it Like paradox, Irony反讽 has meanings that extend beyond its use merely as a figure of speech.Verbal irony, saying the opposite of what one means, is often confused with sarcasm and with satire.Sarcasm and satire both imply ridicule, one on the colloquial level, the other on the literary level.The term irony always implies some sort of discrepancy or incongruity: between what is said and what is meant, or between appearance and reality, or between expectation and fulfillment(dramatic irony and irony of situation).Allusion,暗示 a reference to something in history or previous literature, is, like a richly connotative word or a symbol, a means of suggesting far more that it says.Allusions are a means of reinforcing the emotion or the ideas of one's own work with the emotion or ideas of another work or occasion.Because they are capable of saying so much in so little, they are extremely useful to the poet.5．Musical Devices: a.alliteration： The repetition of initial consonant sounds, as in “tried and true,” “safe and sound,” “fish and fowl,” “rime and reason,”.b.aonance The repetition of vowel sounds, as in “mad as a hatter,” “time out of mind,” “free and easy,” “slapdash,” is.c.consonance The repetition of final consonant sounds, as in “first and last,” “odds and ends,” “short and sweet,” “a stroke of luck,” is.The combination of aonance and consonance is rime.Rime is the repetition of the accented vowel sound and all succeeding sounds.
