第三题概括段意与完成句子第Smoke Gets in Your Mind由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“句子转换练习题及答案”。
第十五篇Smoke Gets in Your Mind吸烟会影响人的精神
1.Lung cancer(肺癌), hypertension（高血压）, heart disease, birth defects（先天性缺陷）—we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking.肺癌、高血压、心脏病、先天缺陷——我们对抽烟的危险都太熟悉了。But add to that list a frightening new concern.Mental illne（精神疾病）但是，在这个名单上再加上一条令人震惊的忧虑：精神疾病。.According to some controversial（有争议的）new findings, if smoking does not kill you, it may, quite litter, drive you to despair（绝望）。根据一些有争议的新发现，如果抽烟不会置你于死地，那么它很可能逼你绝望。
2.The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood（精神）and soothe（缓解）anxiety.烟草工业公开地把其产品作为提神和缓解焦虑的东西推销。But the short-term feel-good effect may mask（掩盖，面具）the truth: that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders（不安）, panic（恐慌）attacks and depreion, perhaps even schizophrenia（精神分裂）.但是短暂的感觉良好的效果可能会掩盖真相：抽烟可能促使焦虑、恐惧和沮丧，甚至精神分裂症恶化，或者触发这些精神疾病。
3.Cigarettes and mental illne（精神疾病）have always tended to go together.An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide.香烟和精神疾病一直都互相伴随。据估计世界上有12.5亿人吸烟Yet people who are depreed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke, and up to 88 per cent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia smokers.。而感到沮丧和忧虑的人比普通人抽烟的可能性多一倍，多达88%的有如精神分裂症的精神紊乱的人都抽烟。A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illne.美国一项最近的调查结论是，大约有一半的香烟是那些患有精神疾病的人消费的。
4.But the big question is why? The usual story is that the illne comes first.但是最大的问题是为什么会这样？通常人们的说法是先有疾病。Mentally ill people take up smoking, or smoke more to alleviate some of their distre.有精神疾病的人开始抽烟，或者抽得更多，来减轻他们的忧伤。Even when smoking seems to start before the illne, most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up.即使病人是在得病之前就开始抽烟的，但大多数医生相信早期一些没有觉察到的症状使病人产生了抽烟的欲望。But perhaps something more sinister is going on.但是也许一些更为危险的事情正在发生。
5.A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause, not the consequence of clinical depreion and several forms of anxiety.越来越多的研究者声称抽烟是临床沮丧和几种形式的忧虑的原因而不是结果。“We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health,and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illne,” says Naomi Breslau, director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.底特律的亨利·伏特健康医疗系统的研究主任，Naomi Breslau说：“我们对于抽烟对身体健康的影响知道很多，现在我们又开始看到新研究中抽烟对精神疾病的不利作用。”
6.Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical（异端的）poibility.The hint came from studies, published in 1998, which followed a group of just over 1,000 young adults for a five-year period.Breslau是首个认为这是异端可能性的人之一。这个线索来自发表于1998年的研究，这项研究对一组1 000多名年轻人作五年的跟踪调查。The 13 per cent who began the study with major depreion were around three times more likely to progre from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study, though there was no evidence that depreion increased the tendency to take up smoking.其中13%的人从研究一开始就有严重的情绪抑郁，在研究过程中他们由抽烟少的人变成抽烟多的人的可能比平常人多三倍。But a history of daily smoking before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depreion during the five-year period Smoking, it seems, could pre-date（提早，预先）illne.但是在研究前开始的日常抽烟史使得五年内严重的情绪抑郁的发生率增加了一倍。看起来抽烟可以发生在疾病之前。
7.At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts(促使)people to smoke might also make them depreed.开始Breslau断定促使人们抽烟的任何原因都可能使他们情绪抑郁。But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link（统计学联系）, she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking,但是当其他更大的研究结果开始支持统计学关联时，她比以往更加确信，她看到的是抽烟，perhaps the nicotine itself, could somehow affect the brain and cause depreion.可能是尼古丁本身，能够以某种方式影响大脑而导致忧郁的迹象。
8.One of these larger studies was led by Goodman, a pediatrician（儿科医生）.She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year.这些更大的研究之一是由儿科医师Goodman领导的。她用一年时间跟踪调查了两组青少年的健康情况。the first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depreed, and might or might not have been smokers,第一组的8 704名青少年都没有情绪抑郁症，他们可能是，也可能不是吸烟者；while the second group of 6,947 were highly depreed and had not been smokers in the past month.而另一个组的6 947人严重情绪抑郁，而且在最近的一个月没有抽烟。After a year her team found that although depreed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers, previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour, not the depreion itself.一年后，她的团队发现虽然情绪抑郁的少年更有可能成为瘾君子，但究其原因却往往是以前有过尝试抽烟这样的经历，而不是情绪抑郁本身所致。What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depreion than their non-smoking peers.更重要的是在研究中那些开始精神健康，但是，每周至少抽一盒烟的青少年比其他不抽烟的同龄人患情绪抑郁症的概率高4倍。Goodman says that depreion does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens.“Current cigarette use is however, a powerful determinant of developing high depreive symptoms（症状）.” Goodma说在青少年中情绪抑郁看起来并不是出现在抽烟之前。“目前抽烟是患严重的忧郁症的重要决定因素。”
9.Breslau, too, finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated（孤立的）panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers.Breslau也发现抽烟者比非抽烟者患间歇性恐惧的可能性高4倍，患长期恐惧紊乱的可能性高3倍。It’s a hard meage to get acro, because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit,（戒掉）not when they smoke.这个信息很难让人理解，因为许多抽烟者说他们在戒烟时，而不是在抽烟时感到焦虑。But Breslau says that this is a short-lived effect of withdrawal which masks the reality that, in general（总的来讲）, smokers have higher anxiety levels than non-smokers or ex-smokers（不在抽烟者）.但是Breslau说这是一个短期戒烟效应，它掩盖了这样一个事实，即总的来说，抽烟者比非抽烟者或不再抽烟的人焦虑程度要高。
练习：
1.Paragraph 3 ____D_____ 1．D第三段的第一句话就说香烟和精神疾病常常是联系在一起的，下面陈述了一些事实，只是没有讲出两者究竟哪个是因，哪个是果。
2.Paragraph 4 _____A____2．A这一段讲到一般人总认为病在吸烟前就得了，但最后一句以But开始，表示了转折，说明了对这一通常观点的怀疑。
3.Paragraph 6 ______F___3．F这一段主要介绍了Breslau所进行的一个跟踪调查，她是最先做这方面研究的人之一，她的研究结果证明了抽烟对精神健康确有影响，但这个结论只能说是初步的。
4.Paragraph 8 ______E___4．E本段介绍了一个规模更大、由儿科医生Goodman进行的调查，这段的最后两句话归纳了她的调查结果，这个结果支持Breslau先前的调查结果。
A.Doubt(怀疑，未确定)about the Usual Belief
B.Researchers’ Opinions Divided
C.Positive（肯定，确定）Effects of Smoking as Advertised
D.Close Aociation Between Depreion and Smoking
E.Breslau’s Conclusion Supported by Another Larger Study
F.Effect of Smoking on mental Health Initially Proved
5.Nowadays many doctors have become aware that smoking is not only a hazard to people’s physical health _____B______.5．B句中的not only使我们期待后面应该有类似but also这样表示进一层意义的表达方式，在几个选项中我们找到了一个包含but…as well的选项，从整句的意义上看也讲得通。
6.The cigarette ads which claim that smoking can help soothe anxiety _____A_____.6．A这个选项提供了一个完整的句子谓语，所以我们应该找一个有主语但缺谓语的句子。第六题句子的主语是The cigarette ads，后面跟了一个定语从句，但谓语没有出现，把A项填人，全句的意思是：那些说香烟能平缓烦躁的广告被证明有误导作用。
7.Breslau’s study ____D_____than Goodman’s but lasted longer.7．D这个选项中有一个比较级的形式，在四个句子中只有这一句有比较，和Goodman的调查相比，Breslau的调查对象人数少，但延续的时间长。
8.To contradict Breslau’s conclusion, many smokers say that they are le anxious when they smoke ___F______.8．F这句话来自文章的最后一段，许多瘾君子都说自己抽烟时不那么烦躁，不抽了反而感到烦躁，以说明Breslau„的结论是站不住脚的。
A.have been proved to be misleading
B.but to their mental health as well
C.taking up smoking
D.involved fewer people
E.they started to smoke at an early age
F.but their level of anxiety increases when they quite smoking
