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科学、技术、工程
1.Science:nothing but the use of reasoning to know how things work and what causes the happenings / basic principles 提供工作原理
2.Engineering:the way some tools, machines, systems etc are made 制造业 3.Technology:MOST Important It is always evolving with the help of the existing science and engineering techniques / a mixture of science and engineering and can satisfy people’s needs in alternative ways 4.结论:clear differences between them
New technology is the best way to take a country to a higher economic position and to the path of fast growth.Technology requires the use of science and engineering as this is the best way to start and put the use of them into practice.技术是一个国家的经济增长和发展的突破点,它将理论付诸实践。
寻找可信任的友谊——Mental Health
1.Theme:没有可信任的友谊的人不快乐
Failure in this area always leads to unhappine 2.Key risks of trusting others:
a,Your trust will be betrayed:the decision to trust others is concerned with one’s privacy or something important 个人隐私的安全
b,trust doesn’t necearily get reciprocated:the unfairne can cause a relationship to become unaccepetable 真心未必有回报
3.Advice:Keep your secret only to yourself / everything can be changed in the future / unfaithfulne and friendships can be particularly weak in adolescence 最重要的事不要告诉他人 / 自我保护意识 4.Benefits:Trust strengthens relationships a,trust bring people closer 信任让友谊更美好
b,secrets tend to increase our self-esteem and sense of self-worth
不愿真心交流使人孤独 c,those that do not trust are le likely to be trusted 我不爱人人不爱我 5.结论:友谊有风险,信任需谨慎
The secret to a long happy life —— Health 1.Honesty:makes you free from stre and guilt 诚实
2.Enthusiasm:having a career or hobby that is part of you makes getting up exciting / help you live through pain and disaster 终身热爱的事业
3.Hard working:Sitting still and letting life pa by is not an option for most.This helps individuals build a sense of purpose that last throughout their lives.人生积极的动力
4.Close with family:strong enough to get over illne and pain 家庭支柱 5.Humour:Laughter is the best medicine to make longevity a good thing 幽默 6.Humility:make one face mistakes calmly and learn from them to be more
confident 谦逊
7.Sense of play:it lightens tiredne and loneline 童心 Virtue ——美德,赢得生前身后名
1.Theme:Virtues are what make great people and tell whether you will play an important part and be remembered by society after your death 2.Virtues for everyone:
a,Try to be trustworthy:If so, you will be more looked highly upon and get care from close friends 成为值得信任的人
b,Have wisdom to back you up:Wisdom does not mean the data and formulas in math, it is the combination of experience and thought.让智慧成为你的本质
c,A strong understanding of art or life, then never forget to continue to wonder:Wondering is the feeling aroused by something strange or surprising.我思故我在d,Understand what you know and your own life:True understanding is hard for anyone but poible to a certain degree.了解你自己
e,Have ambition:Wisdom, diligence, knowledge are based on ambition.Put ambition into practice 雄心壮志
f,Be thankful:you will end up having more 感恩之心
3.结论:所有外在的东西,并不是衡量一个人真正价值的标准,只有美德,是代表我们价值永远的商标。
E-books ——电子书利弊论
1.Definition:An e-book is a book in electronic format.2.Advantages:
a,It is environmentally friendly – no trees had to be cut down 环境友好
This also means the cost of book is substantially cheaper 成本低
b,It is space-saving because it can be stored on your computer, a CD, a flash drive, or cell phones, etc 节省空间便携
c,It is easy to buy because the online stores are 24 hours open 即时 3.Disadvantages:
a,The cost of printing books is high 打印费用高
b,The copyright of the e-book is not so well protected as a printed book 版权 c,Reading e-book for a long time is harmful for health 对健康有害 4.结论:Whether you like it or not, it is becoming more and more popular nowadays
音乐、艺术 ——我们需不需要它?
1.真题:艺术家应该由政府提供财政支持or另寻他径?两面讨论。
论据中心:艺术影响社会,保持艺术的纯净
a,反面论证:如果由经济利益组织提供财政帮助,必将导致艺术的商业化,使其失去纯净性,成为娱乐大众感官的媚俗产物。(可否类比论证?比如一些无聊的商业节目?)Commercial kitsch:以营利为目的的庸俗艺术 Entertain the public senses:娱乐大众感官 Economic interest groups:经济利益组织 b,正面论证:由政府提供财政帮助,可使艺术家们更多的关注社会中存在的问题,把艺术作为参与社会民主化建设的一项公共事业,走出艺术自身的封闭性。但是,由政府提供的支持可能会使艺术受到控制,有时会成为政治宣传的工具,使艺术不得自由,失去创造力。
Participate in the construction of social democracy:参与社会民主化建设 Public utilities:公共事业
Political propaganda:政治宣传
c,事例论证艺术商业化 / 政治化的危害:
正面:梵高,无视大众品味坚持自己的风格,没有被利益化。否则,艺术届将失去一位天才画家。Van Gogh:梵高 反面:御用文人、歌手,如建党九十周年声乐家蒋大为的自创歌曲缺乏创造力,陈词滥调无真情实感,不应成为艺术。
A overworked hackneyed expreion / empty platitude of sth:陈词滥调 反面2:应自己寻找财政支持可激发创造性,如Jack London,在获得殊荣后的艺术家很多都不再有事业的新巅峰,政府财政的支持为之。