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建筑专业英语翻译

原文：

Using Consultants for Community Comprehensive Planning1

When a community decides to develop or update its comprehensive plan, it is immediately plagued2 by a number of decisions regarding how should they develop it, what should be contained in it, how profeional aistance should be used, and what form it should take.In the main, many communities having no, or a small, planning staff turn to profeional planning consultants for aistance in the endeavor.This results in the establishment of a consultant selection proce that can be as short as hiring the one firm someone knows about or utilizing a full scale “Request for Proposal” proce.Consultant selection is important since the developed plan will bear the mark of the consultant as well as the community.Therefore, it is useful to first agree upon the type of consultant desired and then the purpose of the comprehensive plan update before embarking upon the consultant selection proce.All consultants have, or should have, a particular approach to comprehensive planning—similar to doctors, lawyers, economists and other profeionals.Planning consultants are not all alike in skills, approach, philosophy, and experience;community comprehensive planning is different from other forms of urban planning—it is not regional planning, metropolitan planning, corridor3 planning, project planning, or site planning.Because a consultant has experience in site planning or metropolitan planning does not mean that they are a skilled or experienced community comprehensive planner.Therefore, the selection of a planning consultant for comprehensive planning purposes should reflect an understanding and agreement with the consultant’s view as to the purpose of the plan development and the approach they will use.Such an understanding can easily be articulated4 by the consultant.While a consultant can bring sound technical skills and an objective viewpoint to the planning proce, the key to developing a realistic and usable plan is to have the policies and programs for action emerge from the desires and capabilities of the community.To do this, the role and function of the consultant—for the duration of the project and within the immediate period following plan adoption—is to act as the technical area of the planning commiion.This viewpoint is the result of several strongly held convictions borne out by experience in the comprehensive planning proce, as well as in the implementation of such plans.Among these convictions:

 A plan is used only if it truly represents the political and social aspirations commonly held by the community and is responsive to the needs of its decision-makers. A plan is used only if its intent is clearly understood at the outset and its format flexible enough to respond to the changing problems, needs, and desires of the community. A plan is used only if it can be understood by the community’s decision-makers and if it fits into the proce of local community development.Comprehensive planning is not an end in itself.Rather, the proce and the product 1This text is from http://.plaguev.annoy 3 corridorn.a long narrow paage on a train or between rooms in a building, with doors leading off it 4 articulatev.speak distinctly

represent a tool to guide the Plan Commiion and Board of Trustees in making growth management and redevelopment decisions.Such decisions encompa many aspects of community management, including subdivision5, rezoning, annexation6, historic preservation, economic development, housing, redevelopment, capital improvement and community design.To develop such a plan it is important that the consultant charged with developing the plan clearly understands the aspirations of the community and the limitations of the real world.Secondly, it is important that the local decision-makers accept the consultant as a profeional who understands the needs and aspirations of the community.That is, it is neceary that a trusting relationship be built between the consultant and the clientand through them, the community as a whole.A comprehensive plan(or master plan)is a guide for moving a community from today to some point in the future.Just as a busine or corporation may adopt a long-range strategic plan for their company, a community must also plan for its future through the development of a comprehensive plan.The proce of comprehensive planning and the final product represents a tool to guide Planning Commiions, Zoning Boards, and local governing officials in making municipal policies and development decisions.These decisions encompa many aspects of community management, including subdivision, zoning, annexation, historic preservation, economic development, housing, redevelopment, capital improvement and community design.In developing such a plan, it is important that it serve the following purposes.It should provide a clear and supportable statement of the type of future that is desired.This statement must consist of:

 Goals: Community derived statements of aspirations

 Objectives: Statements of how the goals will be achieved

 Plans: Supportable illustrations of how the community should develop over time in terms of land use, transportation improvements, community, facilities, etc. Policies and Programs: Supportable rules for decision-making, courses of action to gain the objectives and projects which can move the community toward its vision of the future

It should identify needed capital improvements.Public improvements, such as transportation, utility and other community capital improvements, provide the community’s primary method of directing growth so as to reach the “vision” of the plan.As such, a strong emphasis upon the type, phasing, cost and financial resources for such improvements is a neceary component of the plan.The plan must provide a realistic basis for the use of zoning and other land use and redevelopment controls and incentives7.subdivisionn.a product of subdividing, as a section of a department

annexationn.that which is annexed 7 incentivea.something that encourages you to work harder, start a new activity etc.6

翻译：

地区综合规划中顾问的使用

当一个社区决定发展或更新它的综合规划时，会有大批折腾人的决策比如说 他们该怎样发展；规划应该包含些什么；使用什么样的专业帮助以及该采取何种形式。

重要的是，在努力的过程中许多社区仅有或只有小部分负责的规划员工会向专业的规划顾问寻求帮助。这一现象就导致了一个顾问的选择过程可以像雇佣一个彼此很了解的合伙人或像万事具备的求婚过程一样短暂简单。鉴于一个完善的规划可以显现出顾问及社区的能力，所以顾问的选择相当重要。因此，在开始顾问选择程序之前最有效地是弄清楚到底需要哪一类的顾问，然后才是完善综合规划的目地。

所有的顾问都有或者应当具有特殊的应对综合规划的对策。就像 医生 律师 经济学家以及其他职业一样。规划顾问在技术，方法，哲学及经验方面并不都一样，社区综合规划和其他形式的城市规划是不一样的。它不仅仅是区域规划，大城市规划，走廊规划，工程规划或地址规划。一个有丰富地址或大城市规划经验的顾问并比意味着他就是个有技术经验的社区综合规划者。因此，一个综合规划中规划顾问的选择应该是有洞察力的并且顾问的观点该与规划发展目地和他们采用的途径相一致。

顾问能轻易地分辨出这样的洞察力。尽管顾问可以给规划的过程带来成熟的技术性技巧和明确的观念但是开发一个现实并可用的规划的关键是有社区期望和能力所必须的行动的政策和程序。为了做好这些，顾问的角色及职能是担当计划委员会的技术领域。（规划必须在规划所规定的时间内完成）这一观点是由几个确信的在不断综合规划过程以及这类规划执行中衍生出来的。这些坚持包括：

。只有当这一规划真实的反应了地区的政治和社会的强烈愿望时并反应了决策者需求时才回被采用

。只有这一规划的目的从一开始就能被理解并且它的形式很多样能应对不断改变的地区题，需求和想法

。只有规划被地区决策者理解并能适应当地社区发展过程时才回被采用

综合规划并不是终结，相反的，这一过程和气产品象征着领导规划委员会以及董事会取得管理，重建决定的工具。这些决定包括了社区管理的许多方面。有进一步细分区制，附属建筑，历史保护，经济发展，住房，重建，资金改善和社区设计。

为了发展这样的规划最重要的是负责这个规划的顾问能清楚地了解社区的期望以及现实世界的约束。第二，当地决策者接受顾问的想法并把他当成能了解社区期望和需求的专业人士也很重要。也就是说一个建立在顾问与客户之间的互信关系很必要。通过规划委员会和城市理事会社区才是一个整体。

综合规划是引导社区从今天走向未来的好的向导，就像工商企业和公司为自身发展可能会采用一个长期的策略。社区也需要通过社区规划的发展来计划它的未来。社区规划的过程及其最终的成品是一个引导规划委员会，区域理事会和当地政府机关在做出市办政策及发展决定时的一个好的工具。这些决定包括了社区管理的许多发面。如：进一步细分区制，附属建筑，历史保护，经济发展，住房，重建，资金改善和社区设计。为深入发展这个规划按下述条例来做很重要。

对于未来想要的类型得提供一个清晰地被广接受的这个结算单包括:

。目标：结算单来源于社区强烈的愿望

。目地：结算单怎样实现这一目标

。计划：支持率阐明了社区在以后的时间内就土地使用，交通改善，设施的问题该怎样发展

。政策与程序：做决定的规则，实现目地和工程这一行动的过程能社区转移到未来的视

野上.这一系类的结算单需要资金的改善。

公共的改良,比如交通，公共事业及其他的公众资金改善，给大众提供基本的指向规划梦想扩大的途径。本身，一个关于类型，阶段，花费及财政资源的强有力的强调是这个规划成功的必要的组成部分。

规划必须向地区的使用，其他土地征用，重建控制和刺激提供一个实际可行的基础。